RNAi therapy for hepatitis B virus infection

ABSTRACT

Described are compositions and methods for inhibition of Hepatitis B virus gene expression. RNA interference (RNAi) triggers and RNAi trigger conjugates for inhibiting the expression of Hepatitis B virus gene are described. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more HBV RNAi triggers optionally with one or more additional therapeutics are also described. Delivery of the described HBV RNAi triggers to infected liver in vivo provides for inhibition of HBV gene expression and treatment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/229,314, filed Aug. 5, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/370,754, filed Aug. 4, 2016, andU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/202,253, filed Aug. 7, 2015,the contents of each of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The present application contains a Sequence Listing which has beensubmitted in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety. The ASCII copy is named 30635-US2_SequenceListing and is 347kb in size.

BACKGROUND

The Hepatitis B Virus is a strict hepatotrophic, double-stranded DNAcontaining virus. Although DNA is the genetic material, the replicationcycle involves a reverse transcription step to copy a pregenomic RNAinto DNA. Hepatitis B virus is classified as one member of theHepadnaviruses and belongs to the family of Hepadnaviridae. The primaryinfection of adult humans with Hepatitis B Virus causes an acutehepatitis with symptoms of organ inflammation, fever, jaundice andincreased liver transaminases in blood. Those patients that are not ableto overcome the virus infection suffer a chronic disease progressionover many years with increased risk of developing cirrhotic liver orliver cancer. Perinatal transmission from Hepatitis B virus-infectedmothers to newborns also leads to chronic hepatitis.

Upon uptake by hepatocytes, the nucleocapsid is transferred to thenucleus and DNA is released. There, the DNA strand synthesis iscompleted and gaps repaired to give the covalently closed circular (ccc)supercoiled DNA of 3.2 kb. The cccDNA serves as a template fortranscription of four major viral mRNAs, which are 3.5, 2.4, 2.1 and 0.7kb long. All mRNAs are 5′-capped and polyadenylated at the 3′-end. Thereis sequence overlap at the 3′-end between all four mRNAs.

The 3.5 kb mRNA serves as template for core protein and polymeraseproduction. In addition, the same transcript serves as a pre-genomicreplication intermediate and allows the viral polymerase to initiate thereverse transcription into DNA. Core protein is needed for nucleocapsidformation. In addition, sequential processing activities transforms somecore protein into the secretable e-antigen. The abundance of e-antigenin blood correlates with Hepatitis B Virus replication in liver andserves as an important diagnostic marker for monitoring the diseaseprogression.

The 2.4 and 2.1 kb mRNAs carry the open reading frames pre-S1, pre-S2and S for expression of viral large, medium and small surface antigen.The s-antigen is associated with infectious, complete particles. Inaddition, blood of infected patients also contain non-infectiousparticles derived from s-antigen alone, free of genomic DNA orpolymerase. The function of these particles is not fully understood. Thecomplete and lasting depletion of detectable s-antigen in blood isconsidered as a reliable indicator for Hepatitis B Virus clearance andthus, a successful cure.

The 0.7 kb mRNA encodes the X protein. This gene product is importantfor efficient transcription of viral genes and also acts as atransactivator on host gene expression. The latter activity seems to beimportant for hepatocyte transformation during development of livercancer.

Patients with detectable s-antigen, e-antigen or viral DNA in the bloodfor more than 6 months are considered chronically infected. Nucleosideanalogs as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase activity are typicallythe first treatment option for many patients. Lamivudine, Tenofovir, orEntecavir suppress Hepatitis B Virus replication, sometimes toundetectable levels. Improvement of liver function and reduction ofliver inflammation are the most important benefits. However, only fewpatients achieve complete and lasting remission after the end oftreatment. Furthermore, the Hepatitis B Virus develops drug resistancewith increasing duration of treatment. This is especially difficult forpatients co-infected with Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Both viruses are susceptible to nucleoside analogue drugs and mayco-develop resistance.

A second treatment option is the administration of interferon-alpha.Here, patients receive high doses of interferon-alpha over a period of 6months. The Asian genotype B gives very poor response rates.Co-infection with Hepatitis D or Human immunodeficiency Virus has beenshown to render interferon-alpha therapy completely ineffective.Patients with strong liver damage and heavy fibrotic conditions are notqualified for interferon-alpha therapy.

Despite significant advances in the field of Hepatitis B Virustreatment, there remains a need for agents that can selectively andefficiently silence the gene expression of the virus, block replication,and subsequently reduces viral burden in chronically infected patients.

SUMMARY

Described herein are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-specific RNA interference(RNAi) trigger molecules (also termed RNAi agent, RNAi trigger, ortrigger) able to selectively and efficiently decrease expression of HBV,and their use in mediating RNA interference to inhibit the expression ofHepatitis B Virus genes, in particular the expression of the genesrelated to replication or pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus. Each RNAitrigger includes at least a sense strand and an antisense strand. Thesense strand and the antisense strand can be partially, substantially,or fully complementary to each other. The length of the RNAi triggersense and antisense strands described herein each can be 16 to 30nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the sense and antisensestrands are independently 17 to 26 nucleotides in length. The sense andantisense strands can be either the same length or different lengths.The RNAi triggers described herein, upon delivery to a cell expressingHBV, inhibit the expression of one or more HBV genes in vivo. Examplesof HBV RNAi trigger sense strands and antisense strands that can be usedin a HBV RNAi trigger are provided in Tables 1A and 1B. Examples of HBVRNAi trigger duplexes are provided in Table 2.

An HBV RNAi trigger comprises a sense strand comprising a first sequence(passenger strand) and an antisense strand (guide strand) comprising asecond sequence. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises a coresequence which has an identity of at least 90% to at least a portion ofan Hepatitis B Virus mRNA. The antisense strand comprises a nucleotidesequence which is substantially complementary to at least part of anmRNA encoding said Hepatitis B Virus gene. In some embodiments, theregion of complementarity is less than 30 nucleotides in length. In someembodiments, the length of an RNAi trigger duplex length is in the rangeof about 16 to 30 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the length of a RNAitrigger duplex length is in the range of about 15 to 25 nucleotides. Insome embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger has a duplex length of about 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 nucleotides. Exemplary sequences are providedin Tables 1A and 1B.

In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger further comprises a targetinggroup. A targeting group can be linked to the 3′ or 5′ end of a sensestrand or an antisense strand of an HBV RNAi trigger. In someembodiments, a targeting group is linked to the 3′ or 5′ end of thesense strand. In some embodiments, a targeting group is linked to the 5′end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, a targeting groupcomprises a hydrophobic group having 20 or more carbon atoms. In someembodiments, the hydrophobic group comprises a cholesterol or acholesteryl group. In some embodiments, a targeting group comprises agalactose trimer.

In some embodiments, a targeting group is linked to the trigger via alinker. Suitable linkers include, but are not limited to: —(CH₂)_(n)—wherein n is 1-10 (in some embodiments n=6, i.e., C6 as used herein) and—(O—CH₂—CH₂)_(n)— or —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(n)— wherein n=1-10 (in someembodiments n=3, i.e., triethylene glycol (TEG)). A linker, with orwithout a targeting group, can be attached to the 5′ or 3′ end of any ofthe sense and/or antisense strands disclosed in Tables 1A and 1B.

In some embodiments, we describe combinations of at least two HBV RNAitriggers having different sequences. In some embodiments, the two ormore different HBV RNAi triggers are each linked to targeting groups. Insome embodiments, the two or more different HBV RNAi triggers are eachlinked to cholesterol targeting groups. In some embodiments, the two ormore different HBV RNAi triggers are each linked to galactose trimertargeting groups. In some embodiments, when two different triggers areused, the first trigger is linked to a cholesterol and the secondtrigger is linked to a galactose trimer. In some embodiments, when twoor more triggers are used, the two triggers are linked to theirrespective targeting groups using the same or similar linkers. In someembodiments, when two or more triggers are used, the two triggers arelinked to their respective targeting groups using different linkers. Insome embodiments, a first targeting group is linked to a first HBV RNAitrigger via a C6 linker and a second targeting group is linked to asecond HBV RNAi trigger via a TEG linker. In some embodiments, the firstand second targeting groups are both comprised of or consist ofcholesterol or cholesteryl groups. In some embodiments, the first andsecond targeting groups are both comprised of or consist of galactosetrimers or galactose tetramers. The use of different linkers can providefor improved differentiation and quantitative analysis of the triggers.

In some embodiments, compositions for delivering an HBV RNAi trigger toa liver cell in vivo are described, comprising: an HBV RNAi triggerconjugated to a targeting group. In some embodiments, the targetinggroup is a galactose trimer or a cholesterol.

In some embodiments, compositions for delivering an HBV RNAi trigger toa liver cell in vivo are described, comprising: a) an asialoglycoproteinreceptor (ASGPr)-targeted reversibly masked melittin-like peptide (MLP),i.e. MLP delivery peptide (or simply delivery peptide), and b) an HBVRNAi trigger conjugated to a hydrophobic group containing at least 20carbon atoms (RNA-conjugate), such as, but no limited to, a cholesterolor cholesteryl group. The MLP delivery peptide and the RNAitrigger-conjugate are synthesized separately, and may be supplied inseparate containers or a single container. In some embodiments, the HBVRNAi trigger is not conjugated to the delivery peptide.

In some embodiments, we describe compositions for inhibiting expressionof a Hepatitis B Virus gene, comprising: a) MLP-(L-T)_(x) wherein, -L-Thas the structure represented by —CO—C(CH₃)═C(T)-COOH or—CO—C(T)=C(CH₃)—COOH, wherein T comprises a targeting ligand havingaffinity for the an asialoglycoprotein receptor, and x is greater than80% of the number of primary amines of a population of MLPs, b) a firstHBV RNAi trigger comprising an antisense strand and a sense strandwherein the antisense strand comprises nucleotides 2-15, 2-19, 1-17,1-21, or 1-26 of any of the antisense sequences provided in Table 1A,and the sense strand comprises any of the corresponding sense sequencesprovides in Table 1B covalently linked to a cholesteryl group via a TEGgroup, and c) a second HBV RNAi trigger comprising an antisense strandand a sense strand wherein the antisense strand comprises nucleotides2-15, 2-19, 1-17, 1-21, or 1-26 of any of the antisense sequencesprovided in Table 1A, and the sense strand comprises any of thecorresponding sense sequences provided in Table 1B covalently linked toa cholesteryl group via a C6 group. In some embodiments, any of thesense strand nucleotide sequences provided in Table 1B can have aChol-TEG or Chol-C6 5′ or 3′ modification.

In some embodiments, one or more of the described HBV RNAi triggers andoptionally an MLP delivery peptide are administered to a mammal in apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. In some embodiments, themammal is a human. In some embodiments, the RNAi trigger and deliverypeptide are combined in a solution prior to administration to themammal. In some embodiments, a delivery peptide and an RNAi trigger areco-administered to the mammal in separate solutions. In someembodiments, a delivery peptide and an RNAi trigger are administered tothe mammal sequentially. For sequential administration, the deliverypeptide may be administered prior to administration of the RNAi trigger.Alternatively, for sequential administration, the RNAi trigger may beadministered prior to administration of the delivery peptide.

The use of Hepatitis B Virus RNAi triggers provide methods fortherapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of diseases/disorders whichare associated with HBV infection. The described HBV RNAi triggersmediate RNA interference to inhibit the expression of one or more genesnecessary for replication and/or pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus. Inparticular, HBV RNAi triggers inhibition viral polymerase, core protein,surface antigen, e-antigen and/or the X protein, in a cell, tissue ormammal. HBV RNAi triggers can be used to treat hepatitis B virusinfection. HBV RNAi triggers can also be used to treat or preventchronic liver diseases/disorders, inflammations, fibrotic conditions andproliferative disorders, like cancers, associated with hepatitis B virusinfection. In some embodiments, the sequence is at least 13 contiguousnucleotides in length. Such methods comprise administration of HBV RNAitrigger to a human being or animal infected with HBV. Further,compositions for delivery of HBV RNAi triggers to liver cells in vivoare described.

In some embodiments, the described HBV RNAi triggers are optionallycombined with one or more additional (i.e., second, third, etc.)therapeutics. A second therapeutic can be another HBV RNAi trigger(e.g., a HBV RNAi trigger which targets a different sequence within theHBV genome). An additional therapeutic can also be a small moleculedrug, antibody, antibody fragment, and/or vaccine. The HBV RNAitriggers, with or without the one or more additional therapeutics, canbe combined with one or more excipients to form pharmaceuticalcompositions.

The pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more HBV RNAi triggerscan be administered in a number of ways depending upon whether local orsystemic treatment is desired. Administration can be, but is not limitedto, intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, subdermal(e.g., via an implanted device), and intraparenchymal administration.

The described HBV RNAi triggers and/or compositions can be used inmethods for therapeutic treatment of HBV infection or disease orconditions caused by HBV infection. Such methods comprise administrationof an HBV RNAi trigger as described herein to a subject, e.g., a humanor animal subject.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materialssimilar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in thepractice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods andmaterials are described below. All publications, patent applications,patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated byreference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the presentspecification, including definitions, will control. In addition, thematerials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intendedto be limiting.

Further objects, features, and advantages will be apparent from thefollowing detailed description when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1. Chemical structures representing HBV RNAi trigger targetinggroups and linking groups.

FIG. 2. Chemical structures representing HBV RNAi trigger targetinggroups and linking groups.

FIG. 3 Graph illustrating (A) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and (B)creatinine levels in primates treated with reversibly modified MLPdelivery peptides and RNAi trigger-cholesterol conjugates.

FIG. 4. Graph illustrating (A) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levelsand (B) alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in primates treated withreversibly modified MLP delivery peptides and RNAi trigger-cholesterolconjugates.

FIG. 5. Graphs showing serum HBV DNA in pHBV mice followingco-administration of 3 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide plus (A) 1.5 mg/kgAD01385 or 1.5 mg/kg AD01386 or (B) 1.5 mg/kg AD01385+1.5 mg/kg AD01386.

FIG. 6. Graphs showing Serum HBsAg in chimpanzee 95A010 followingco-administration of (A) 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide, 1 mg/kg AD0009and 1 mg/kg AD0010; or (B) 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide, 1 mg/kg AD01386and 1 mg/kg AD01385.

FIG. 7. HPLC Chromatographs of (A) AM02312-AS, (B) AM02315-AS, and (C)AM02312-AS+AM02315-AS.

FIG. 8. HPLC Chromatographs of (A) AM02316-SS (TEG), (B) AM02319-SS(TEG), and (C) AM02320-SS (C6).

FIG. 9. HPLC Chromatographs of (A) AM02323-SS (C6), (B) AM02320-SS(C6)+AM02323-SS (C6), and (C) AM02319-SS (TEG)+AM02316-SS (TEG).

FIG. 10. HPLC Chromatographs of (A) AM02320-SS (C6)+AM02319 (TEG), (B)AM02323-SS (C6)+AM02316-SS (TEG), and (C) AM02320-SS(C6)/AM02312-AS+AM02323-SS (C6)/AM02315-AS.

FIG. 11. HPLC Chromatographs of (A) AM2316-SS(TEG)/AM02312-AS+AM02319-SS (TEG)/AM02315-AS, (B) AM02320-SS(C6)/AM02312-AS+AM02319-SS (TEG)/AM02315-AS, and (C) AM02316-SS(TEG)+AM02312-AS+AM02323-SS (C6)/AM02315-AS.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are RNAi triggers for inhibiting expression of theHepatitis B Virus (referred to herein as HBV RNAi triggers). Each HBVRNAi trigger comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand. The sensestrand and the antisense strand are partially, substantially, or fullycomplementary to each other. In some embodiments, the length of theherein described RNAi trigger sense and antisense strands areindependently 16 to 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, thelength of the herein described RNAi trigger sense and antisense strandsare independently 17 to 26 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments,the herein described RNAi trigger sense and antisense strands areindependently 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 26 nucleotides inlength. The sense and antisense strands can be either the same length orthey can be different lengths. In some embodiments, the sense strand isabout 19 nucleotides in length while the antisense strand is about 21nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the sense strand is about 21nucleotides in length while the antisense strand is about 23 nucleotidesin length. In other embodiments, the sense and antisense strands areindependently 17-21 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, both thesense and antisense strands are each 21-26 nucleotides in length. Insome embodiments, both the sense and antisense strands are each 26nucleotides in length. Examples of nucleotide sequences used in formingHBV RNAi trigger molecules are provided in Tables 1A and 1B.

An HBV RNAi trigger comprises a sense strand and an antisense strandeach containing a core sequence of 16-23 nucleobases in length. Anantisense strand core sequence is 100% (perfectly) complementary or atleast 90% (substantially) complementary to a nucleotide sequence(sometimes referred to as a “target sequence”) present in the HBV mRNA.A sense strand core sequence is 100% (perfectly) complementary or atleast 90% (substantially) complementary to a sequence in the antisensestrand, and thus the sense strand core sequence is perfectly identicalor at least 90% identical to a nucleotide sequence (target sequence)present in the HBV mRNA. A sense strand core sequence can be the samelength as a corresponding antisense core sequence or it can be adifferent length. In some embodiments, the antisense strand coresequence is 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 nucleotides in length. Insome embodiments, the sense strand core sequence is 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,21, 22, or 23 nucleotides in length.

The HBV RNAi trigger sense and antisense strands typically anneal toform a duplex. Within the complementary duplex region, the sense strandcore sequence is at least 90% complementary or 100% complementary to theantisense core sequence. In some embodiments, the sense strand coresequence contains a sequence of at least 16, at least 17, at least 18,at least 19, at least 20, or at least 21 nucleotides that is at least90% or 100% complementary to a corresponding 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand core sequence (i.e., thesense strand and antisense core sequences of an HBV RNAi trigger have aregion of at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least20, or at least 21 nucleotides that is at least 90% base paired or 100%base paired.)

RNAi triggers include, but are not limited to: short interfering RNAs(siRNAs), double-strand RNAs (dsRNA), micro RNAs (miRNAs), short hairpinRNAs (shRNA), and dicer substrates (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,084,599,8,349,809, and 8,513,207). The RNAi triggers described herein, upondelivery to a cell expressing an HBV gene, inhibit or knockdownexpression of one or more HBV genes in vivo through the biologicalprocess of RNA interference (RNAi).

As used herein, the term “sequence” or “nucleotide sequence” refers to asuccession or order of nucleobases, nucleotides, and/or nucleosides,described with a succession of letters using the standard nucleotidenomenclature and the key for modified nucleotides described herein.

The sense strand and/or the antisense strand may optionally andindependently contain an additional 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 nucleotides(extension) at the 3′ end, the 5′ end, or both the 3′ and 5′ ends of thecore sequences. The antisense strand additional nucleotides, if present,may or may not be complementary to the corresponding sequence in the HBVmRNA. The sense strand additional nucleotides, if present, may or maynot be identical to the corresponding sequence in the HBV mRNA. Theantisense strand additional nucleotides, if present, may or may not becomplementary to the corresponding sense strand's additionalnucleotides, if present.

As used herein, an extension comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 nucleotidesat the 5′ and/or 3′ end of the sense strand core sequence and/orantisense strand core sequence. The extension nucleotides on a sensestrand may or may not be complementary to nucleotides, either coresequence nucleotides or extension nucleotides, in the correspondingantisense strand. Conversely, the extension nucleotides on an antisensestrand may or may not be complementary to nucleotides, either coresequence nucleotides or extension nucleotides, in the correspondingsense strand. In some embodiments, both the sense strand and theantisense strand of an RNAi trigger contain 3′ and 5′ extensions. Insome embodiments, one or more of the 3′ extension nucleotides of onestrand base pairs with one or more 5′ extension nucleotides of the otherstrand. In other embodiments, one or more of 3′ extension nucleotides ofone strand do not base pair with one or more 5′ extension nucleotides ofthe other strand. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger has anantisense strand having a 3′ extension and a sense strand having a 5′extension.

The HBV RNAi triggers described herein are formed by annealing anantisense strand with a sense strand. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAitrigger antisense strand comprises a nucleotide sequence of any of thesequences in Table 1A. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi triggerantisense strand comprises the sequence of nucleotides 1-17, 2-15, 2-17,1-18, 2-18, 1-19, 2-19, 1-20, 2-20, 1-21, 2-21, 1-22, 2-22, 1-23, 2-23,1-24, 2-24, 1-25, 2-25, 1-26, or 2-26 of any of the sequences in Table1A. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger sense strand comprises thenucleotide sequence of any of the sequences in Table 1B. In someembodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger sense strand comprises the sequence ofnucleotides 1-18, 1-19, 1-20, 1-21, 1-22, 1-23, 1-24, 1-25, 1-26, 2-19,2-20, 2-21, 2-22, 2-23, 2-24, 2-25, 2-26, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, 3-24,3-25, 3-26, 4-21, 4-22, 4-23, 4-24, 4-25, 4-26, 5-22, 5-23, 5-24, 5-25,5-26, 6-23, 6-24, 6-25, 6-26, 7-24, 7-25, 7-25, 8-25, 8-26 of any of thesequences in Table 1B.

In some embodiments, the sense and antisense strands of the RNAitriggers described herein contain the same number of nucleotides. Insome embodiments the sense and antisense strands of the RNAi triggersdescribed herein contain different numbers of nucleotides. In someembodiments, the sense strand 5′ end and the antisense strand 3′ end ofan RNAi trigger form a blunt end. In some embodiments, the sense strand3′ end and the antisense strand 5′ end of an RNAi trigger form a bluntend. In some embodiments, both ends of an RNAi trigger form a blunt end.In some embodiments, neither end of an RNAi trigger is blunt-ended. Asused herein a blunt end refers to an end of a double stranded triggermolecule in which the terminal nucleotides of the two annealed strandsare complementary (form a complementary base-pair). In some embodiments,the sense strand 5′ end and the antisense strand 3′ end of an RNAitrigger form a frayed end. In some embodiments, the sense strand 3′ endand the antisense strand 5′ end of an RNAi trigger form a frayed end. Insome embodiments, both ends of an RNAi trigger form a frayed end. Insome embodiments, neither end of an RNAi trigger is a frayed end. Asused herein a frayed end refers to an end of a double stranded triggermolecule in which the terminal nucleotides of the two annealed strandsfrom a pair (i.e. do not form an overhang) but are not complementary(i.e. form a non-complementary pair). As used herein, an overhang is astretch of one or more unpaired nucleotides at the end of one strand ofa double stranded RNAi trigger molecule. The unpaired nucleotides may beon the sense strand or the antisense strand, creating either 3′ or 5′overhangs. In some embodiments the RNAi trigger molecule contains: ablunt end and a frayed end, a blunt end and 5′ overhang end, a blunt endand a 3′ overhang end, a frayed end and a 5′ overhand end, a frayed endand a 3′ overhang end, two 5′ overhang ends, two 3′ overhang ends, a 5′overhang end and a 3′ overhand end, two frayed ends, or two blunt ends.

A nucleotide base (or nucleobase) is a heterocyclic pyrimidine or purinecompound which is a constituent of all nucleic acids and includesadenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). Asused herein, “G”, “g”, “C”, “c”, “A”, “a”, “U”, “u”, and “T”, eachgenerally stand for a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleotidemimic that contains guanine, cytosine, adenine, uracil and thymidine asa base. Also as used herein, the term “nucleotide” can include amodified nucleotide or nucleotide mimic, abasic site, or a surrogatereplacement moiety.

As used herein, a “modified nucleotide” is a nucleotide other than aribonucleotide (2′-hydroxyl nucleotide). In some embodiments, an HBVRNAi trigger contains one or more modified nucleotides. In someembodiments, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, atleast 90%, at least 95%, or 100% of the nucleotides are modified.Modified nucleotides include, but are not limited to, deoxynucleotides,nucleotide mimics, abasic nucleotides (represented herein as X or Ab),2′-modified nucleotides, 3′ to 3′ linkages (inverted) nucleotides(represented herein as invdN, invN, invn, invX), non-naturalbase-comprising nucleotides, bridged nucleotides, peptide nucleic acids,2′,3′-seco nucleotide mimics (unlocked nucleobase analogues, representedherein as N_(UNA or) NUNA), locked nucleotides (represented herein asN_(LNA) or NLNA), 3′-O-Methoxy (2′ internucleotide linked) nucleotides(represented herein as 3′-OMen), 2′-F-Arabino nucleotides (representedherein as NfANA or Nf_(ANA)), morpholino nucleotides, vinyl phosphonatedeoxyribonucleotides (represented herein as vpdN), and vinyl phosphonatenucleotides (represented herein as vpN). 2′-modified nucleotides (i.e. anucleotide with a group other than a hydroxyl group at the 2′ positionof the five-membered sugar ring) include, but are not limited to,2′-O-methyl nucleotides (represented herein as a lower case letter ‘n’in a nucleotide sequence), 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro nucleotides (representedherein as Nf, also represented herein as 2′-fluoro nucleotide), 2′-deoxynucleotides (represented herein as dN), 2′-methoxyethyl(2′-O-2-methoxylethyl) nucleotides (represented herein as NM or 2′-MOE),2′-amino nucleotides, and 2′-alkyl nucleotides. It is not necessary forall positions in a given compound to be uniformly modified. Conversely,more than one modification may be incorporated in a single HBV RNAitrigger or even in a single nucleotide thereof. The HBV RNAi triggersense strands and antisense strands may be synthesized and/or modifiedby methods known in the art. Modification at one nucleotide isindependent of modification of another nucleotide.

Modified nucleotides also include nucleotides having modifiednucleobases. Modified nucleobases include, but are not limited to,synthetic and natural nucleobases, 5-substituted pyrimidines,6-azapyrimidines and N-2, N-6 and O-6 substituted purines, including2-aminopropyladenine, 5-propynyluracil and 5-propynylcytosine,5-methylcytosine (5-me-C), 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, xanthine,hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl and other alkyl derivatives ofadenine and guanine, 2-propyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine andguanine, 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine, 5-halouraciland cytosine, 5-propynyl uracil and cytosine, 6-azo uracil, cytosine andthymine, 5-uracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, 8-amino,8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl and other 8-substituted adenines andguanines, 5-halo particularly 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl and other5-substituted uracils and cytosines, 7-methylguanine and7-methyladenine, 8-azaguanine and 8-azaadenine, 7-deazaguanine and7-deazaadenine and 3-deazaguanine and 3-deazaadenine.

In some embodiments, one or more nucleotides of an HBV RNAi trigger arelinked by non-standard linkages or backbones (i.e. modifiedinternucleoside linkages or modified backbones). In some embodiments, amodified internucleoside linkage is a non-phosphate-containing covalentinternucleoside linkage. Modified internucleoside linkages or backbonesinclude, but are not limited to, phosphorothioates, 5′-phosphorothioategroup (represented herein as a lower case ‘s’ before a nucleotide, as insN, sn, sNf, or sdN), chiral phosphorothioates, thiophosphate,phosphorodithioates, phosphotriesters, aminoalkyl-phosphotriesters,methyl and other alkyl phosphonates including 3′-alkylene phosphonatesand chiral phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphoramidates including3′-amino phosphoramidate and aminoalkylphosphoramidates,thionophosphoramidates, thionoalkyl-phosphonates,thionoalkylphosphotriesters, morpholino linkages, and boranophosphateshaving normal 3′-5′ linkages, 2′-5′ linked analogs of these, and thosehaving inverted polarity wherein the adjacent pairs of nucleoside unitsare linked 3′-5′ to 5′-3′ or 2′-5′ to 5′-2′. In other embodiments, amodified internucleoside linkage or backbone lacks a phosphorus atom.Modified internucleoside linkages lacking a phosphorus atom include, butare not limited to, short chain alkyl or cycloalkyl inter-sugarlinkages, mixed heteroatom and alkyl or cycloalkyl inter-sugar linkages,or one or more short chain heteroatomic or heterocyclic inter-sugarlinkages. In some embodiments, modified internucleoside backbonesinclude, but are not limited to, siloxane backbones, sulfide, sulfoxideand sulfone backbones; formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones,methylene formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones, alkene containingbackbones, sulfamate backbones, methyleneimino and methylenehydrazinobackbones, sulfonate and sulfonamide backbones, amide backbones; andothers having mixed N, O, S, and CH₂ component parts.

In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger contains one or more modifiednucleotides and one or more modified internucleoside linkages. In someembodiments, a 2′-modified nucleotide is combined with modifiedinternucleoside linkage. For example, in some embodiments, a sensestrand of an HBV RNAi trigger can contain 1, 2, 3, or 4 phosphorothioatelinkages; an antisense strand of a HBV RNAi trigger can contain 1, 2, 3,or 4 phosphorothioate linkages; or both the sense strand and theantisense strand can independently contain 1, 2, 3, or 4phosphorothioate linkages.

In some embodiments, a chemically-modified HBV RNAi trigger comprises aduplex having two strands, one or both of which can bechemically-modified, wherein each strand is about 17 to about 29nucleotides. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger comprises one ormore modified nucleotides while maintaining the ability to mediate RNAiinside a cell or reconstituted in vitro system. An HBV RNAi trigger canbe modified wherein the chemical modification comprises one or more(e.g., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) of the nucleotides.In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger comprises modified nucleotidesas a percentage of the total number of nucleotides present in the HBVRNAi trigger. As such, an HBV RNAi trigger can generally comprisemodified nucleotides from about 5% to about 100% of the nucleotidepositions (e.g., about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%,55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% of the nucleotidepositions). The actual percentage of modified nucleotides present in agiven HBV RNAi trigger depends on the total number of nucleotidespresent in the HBV RNAi trigger. The percent modification can be basedupon the total number of nucleotides present in the sense strand,antisense strand, or both the sense and antisense strands. In addition,the actual percentage of modified nucleotides present in a given HBVRNAi trigger can also depend on the total number of purine andpyrimidine nucleotides present in the HBV RNAi trigger. For example,wherein all pyrimidine nucleotides and/or all purine nucleotides presentin the HBV RNAi trigger are modified.

Representative HBV RNAi triggers are represented by the Duplex ID Nos.shown in Table 2. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger consists ofany of the Duplex ID Nos. presented herein. In some embodiments an HBVRNAi trigger comprises of any of the Duplex ID Nos. presented herein. Insome embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger comprises the sense strand andantisense strand nucleotide sequences of any of the Duplex ID Nos.presented herein. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger comprises thesense strand and antisense strand nucleotide sequences of any of theDuplex ID Nos. presented herein and a targeting group and/or linkinggroup wherein the targeting group and/or linking group is covalentlylinked to the sense strand or the antisense strand. In some embodiments,an HBV RNAi trigger comprises the sense strand and antisense strandmodified nucleotide sequences of any of the Duplex ID Nos. presentedherein. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger comprises the sensestrand and antisense strand modified nucleotide sequences of any of theDuplex ID Nos. presented herein and a targeting group and/or linkinggroup wherein the targeting group and/or linking group is covalentlylinked to the sense strand or the antisense strand.

In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger contains or is conjugated to atargeting group, linking group, delivery polymer, delivery vehicle,and/or other non-nucleotide group. The targeting group, linking group,delivery polymer, delivery vehicle, and/or other non-nucleotide groupcan be covalently linked to the 3′ and/or 5′ end of either the sensestrand and/or the antisense strand. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAitrigger comprises a targeting group, linking group, delivery polymer,delivery vehicle, or other non-nucleotide group linked to the 3′ and/or5′ end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, a targeting group,linking group, delivery polymer, delivery vehicle, or othernon-nucleotide group is linked to the 5′ end of an HBV RNAi triggersense strand. In some embodiments, a targeting group, linking group,delivery polymer, delivery vehicle, and/or other non-nucleotide group islinked directly or indirectly to the trigger via a linker/linking group.In some embodiments, a targeting group, linking group, delivery polymer,delivery vehicle, and/or other non-nucleotide group is linked to theRNAi trigger sense strand and/or antisense strand via a labile,cleavable, or reversible bond or linker.

A targeting group can enhance the pharmacokinetic or biodistributionproperties of an RNAi trigger or conjugate to which it is attached toimprove cell- or tissue-specific distribution and cell-specific uptakeof the conjugate. In some instances, binding of a targeting group to acell or cell receptor may initiate endocytosis. A targeting group can bemonovalent, divalent, trivalent, tetravalent, or have higher valency.Representative targeting groups include, without limitation, compoundswith affinity to cell surface molecule, cell receptor ligands, hapten,antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, and antibodymimics with affinity to cell surface molecules.

Unmodified HBV RNAi trigger sense strand and antisense strand sequencesare provided in Tables 1A and 1B. In forming HBV RNAi triggers, each ofthe nucleotides in each of the unmodified sequences listed in Tables 1Aand 1B may be a modified nucleotide. Non-limiting examples of antisenseand sense strands containing modified nucleotides are also provided inTables 1A and 1B. In Tables 1A and 1B, the following notations are usedto indicate modified nucleotides: N=2′-OH (unmodified) ribonucleotide(capital letter without ford indication); n=2′-O-methyl (2′-OMe)nucleotide; Nf=2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro nucleotide (also termed 2′-fluoromodified nucleotide); dN=2′-deoxy nucleotide (deoxynucleotide);Nueva=2′,3′-seco nucleotide mimics (unlocked nucleobase analogs);NM=2′-methoxyethyl nucleotide (also shown as 2′-MOE); (invdN)=3′-3′linked (inverted) deoxyribonucleotide (3′-3′ linked nucleotide);(invAb)=3′-3′ linked (inverted) abasic nucleotide (also shown as(invX)); x=abasic site; s=phosphorothioate linked nucleotide;p=phosphate; vp=vinyl phosphonate containing nucleotide.

TABLE 1A HBV RNAi trigger antisense strand sequences. SEQ ID SEQ IDAS strand ID Modified sequence (5′ → 3′) NO. Unmodified sequence (5′ →3′) NO. AM00006-AS dTAfcCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 210TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM00008-AS dTAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfadTsdT211 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM00010-ASdTAfgAfuGfaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 212 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3AM00139-AS dTAfcAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfadTsdT 213 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT4 AM00194-AS dTAfcCfaA_(UNA)uUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 214TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM00195-ASdTAfcCfaAf_(UNA)uUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 215 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1AM00438-AS dTAfgAfuGUNAaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 216TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3 AM00439-AS dTAfgAfuGfAUNAUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfudTsdT217 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3 AM01463-ASpdTAfcCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 218 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1AM01464-AS pdTAfgAfuGfaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 219 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT3 AM01933-AS dTAfcCfaAUNAuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 220TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM01935-ASdTsAfscCfaAUNAuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgsdTsdT 221 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1AM01937-AS dTAfgAfuGfAUNAUfuAfggcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 222TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3 AM01938-ASdTsAfsgAfuGfAUNAUfuAfggcAfgAfgGfusdTsdT 223 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3AM01942-AS dTAfcAfaAUNAuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfadTsdT 224TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4 AM01943-AS dTAfcAfaAfUUNAGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfadTsdT225 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4 AM01944-ASdTAfcAfaAUNAuGfgCfacuAfgUfaAfadTsdT 226 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4AM01945-AS dTsAfscAfaAUNAuGfgCfacuAfgUfaAfasdTsdT 227TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4 AM01946-AS dTAfcAfaAfUUNAGfgCfacuAfgUfaAfadTsdT228 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4 AM01947-ASdTsAfscAfaAfUUNAGfgCfacuAfgUfaAfasdTsdT 229 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4AM01985-AS dTAfuGfaUUNAaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfadTsdT 230TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM01986-AS dTAfuGfaUfAUNAAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfadTsdT231 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM01987-ASdTAfuGfaUUNAaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfadTsdT 232 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2AM01988-AS dTsAfsuGfaUUNAaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfasdTsdT 233TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM01989-AS dTAfuGfaUfAUNAAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfadTsdT234 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM01990-ASdTsAfsuGfaUfAUNAAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfasdTsdT 235 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2AM02276-AS dTsAfscCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgsdTsdT 236TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM02277-AS dTsAfscCfaAfuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgsdTsdT237 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM02280-ASdTsAfsgAfuGfaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfusdTsdT 238 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3AM02281-AS dTsAfsgAfuGfaUfuAfggcAfgAfgGfusdTsdT 239TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3 AM02286-AS dTsAfscAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfasdTsdT240 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4 AM02287-ASdTsAfscAfaAfuGfgCfacuAfgUfaAfasdTsdT 241 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4AM02288-AS dTsAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfasdTsdT 242TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM02289-AS dTsAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfasdTsdT243 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM02312-AS dTAfcCfaAfuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT244 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM02313-AS dTAfgAfuGfaUfuAfggcAfgAfgGfudTsdT245 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3 AM02314-AS dTAfcAfaAfuGfgCfacuAfgUfaAfadTsdT246 TACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAATT 4 AM02315-AS dTAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfadTsdT247 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM02366-ASdTsAfscCfaAfuUfuAfugCfCfuAfcAfgGfccsUfsUfAu 248TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 5 AM02367-ASdTsAfcCfaAfuUfuAfugCfCfuAfcAfgGfccUfsUfAu 249 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU5 AM02368-AS dTsAfscCfaAfuUfuAfugCfcuAfcAfgGfccsUfsUfAu 250TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 5 AM02369-ASdTsAfcCfaAfuUfuAfugCfcuAfcAfgGfccUfsUfAu 251 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU5 AM02374-AS dTsAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcgCfCfgCfaGfaCfacsAfsUfAu 252TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU 6 AM02375-ASdTsAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcgCfCfgCfaGfaCfacAfsUfAu 253 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU6 AM02376-AS dTsAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcgCfcgCfaGfaCfacsAfsUfAu 254TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU 6 AM02377-ASdTsAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcgCfcgCfaGfaCfacAfsUfAu 255 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU6 AM02382-AS dTsAfsgAfuGfaUfuAfggCfAfgAfgGfuUfgasAfsUfAu 256TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU 7 AM02383-ASdTsAfgAfuGfaUfuAfggCfAfgAfgGfuUfgaAfsUfAu 257 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU7 AM02384-AS dTsAfsgAfuGfaUfuAfggCfagAfgGfuUfgasAfsUfAu 258TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU 7 AM02385-ASdTsAfgAfuGfaUfuAfggCfagAfgGfuUfgaAfsUfAu 259 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU7 AM02391-AS dTsAfscCfaAfuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 260TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM02392-AS dTsAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfadTsdT261 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM02393-ASdTsAfsgAfuGfaUfuAfggcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 262 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3AM02484-AS pdTAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfadTsdT 263 TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT2 AM02485-AS pdTAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfadTsdT 264TAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 2 AM02575-AS pdTAfcCfaAfuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT265 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1 AM02577-ASpdTAfgAfuGfaUfuAfggcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 266 TAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 3AM02609-AS aUfaAfaAfcgcCfgCfaGfadTsdT 379 AUAAAACGCCGCAGATT 81AM02889-AS usGfaUfaAfaAfcGfccGfCfaGfaCfaCfaUfcuAu 267UGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCUAU 8 AM02892-ASusGfaAfcAfaAfuGfgcAfCfuAfgUfaAfaCfuuAu 268 UGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUUAU 9AM02895-AS usGfcGfuCfaGfcAfaaCfAfcUfuGfgCfaCfauAu 269UGCGUCAGCAAACACUUGGCACAUAU 10 AM02898-ASusGfaAfcCfaCfuGfaaCfAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuuAu 270 UGAACCACUGAACAAAUGGCACUUAU 11AM02901-AS usAfaCfgGfgCfaAfcaUfAfcCfuUfgAfuAfauAu 271UAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAAUAU 12 AM02904-ASusAfcUfaGfuAfaAfcuGfAfgCfcAfgGfaGfauAu 272 UACUAGUAAACUGAGCCAGGAGAUAU 13AM02907-AS usGfgAfcAfaAfcGfggCfAfaCfaUfaCfcUfuuAu 273UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU 14 AM02910-ASusAfcGfgGfcAfaCfauAfCfcUfuGfaUfaAfuuAu 274 UACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAAUUAU 15AM02913-AS usGfaAfgCfgAfaGfugCfAfcAfcGfgAfcCfguAu 275UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGUAU 16 AM02916-ASusGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfAfgaCfaCfaUfcuAu 276 UGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCUAU 8AM02919-AS usGfaAfcAfaAfuGfgCfaCfUfagUfaAfaCfuuAu 277UGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUUAU 9 AM02922-ASusGfcGfuCfaGfcAfaAfcAfCfuuGfgCfaCfauAu 278 UGCGUCAGCAAACACUUGGCACAUAU 10AM02925-AS usGfaAfcCfaCfuGfaAfcAfAfauGfgCfaCfuuAu 279UGAACCACUGAACAAAUGGCACUUAU 11 AM02928-ASusAfaCfgGfgCfaAfcAfuAfCfcuUfgAfuAfauAu 280 UAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAAUAU 12AM02931-AS usAfcUfaGfuAfaAfcUfgAfGfccAfgGfaGfauAu 281UACUAGUAAACUGAGCCAGGAGAUAU 13 AM02934-ASusGfgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfAfcaUfaCfcUfuuAu 282 UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU 14AM02937-AS usAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfCfuuGfaUfaAfuuAu 283UACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAAUUAU 15 AM02940-ASusGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfCfacGfgAfcCfguAu 284 UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGUAU 16AM02975-AS usAfcCfaAfuUfuAfugCfCfuAfcAfgGfcCfuuAu 285UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 17 AM02976-ASusAfcCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfUfacAfgGfcCfuuAu 286 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 17AM02982-AS usAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcgCfCfgCfaGfaCfaCfauAu 287UAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU 18 AM02983-ASusAfuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfGfcaGfaCfaCfauAu 288 UAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU 18AM02984-AS usAfgAfuGfaUfuAfggCfAfgAfgGfuUfgAfauAu 289UAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU 19 AM02985-ASusAfgAfuGfaUfuAfgGfcAfGfagGfuUfgAfauAu 290 UAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU 19AM03097-AS dTGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfadTsdT 291 TGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACATT20 AM03098-AS dTGfaAfcAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfadTsdT 292TGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUATT 21 AM03099-AS dTGfcGfuCfaGfcAfaAfcAfcUfuGfgdTsdT293 TGCGUCAGCAAACACUUGGTT 22 AM03100-ASdTGfaAfcCfaCfuGfaAfcAfaAfuGfgdTsdT 294 TGAACCACUGAACAAAUGGTT 23AM03101-AS dTAfaCfgGfgCfaAfcAfuAfcCfuUfgdTsdT 295 TAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGTT24 AM03102-AS dTAfcUfaGfuAfaAfcUfgAfgCfcAfgdTsdT 296TACUAGUAAACUGAGCCAGTT 25 AM03103-AS dTGfgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfadTsdT297 TGGACAAACGGGCAACAUATT 26 AM03104-ASdTAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcUfuGfadTsdT 298 TACGGGCAACAUACCUUGATT 27AM03105-AS dTGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgdTsdT 299 TGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGTT28 AM03106-AS dTUfcCfgCfgGfgAfuUfcAfgCfgCfcdTsdT 300TUCCGCGGGAUUCAGCGCCTT 29 AM03495-ASusGfsaAfcAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfacsusuAu 301 UGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUUAU9 AM03500-AS usGfgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcususuAu 302UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU 14 AM03504-ASusGfsaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfccsgsuAu 303 UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGUAU16 AM03508-AS usAfscCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgGfccsusuAu 304UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 17 AM03512-ASusAfsgAfuGfaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfuUfgasasuAu 305 UAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU19 AM03764-AS usGfsaacaaAfuGfgcaCfuaguaaacsusuAu 306UGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUUAU 9 AM03766-ASusGfgacaaAfcGfggcAfacauaccususuAu 307 UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU 14AM03768-AS usGfsaagcgAfaGfugcAfcacggaccsgsuAu 308UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGUAU 16 AM03770-ASusAfsccaauUfuAfugcCfuacaggccsusuAu 309 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 17AM03772-AS usAfsgaugaUfuAfggcAfgagguugasasuAu 310UAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUUGAAUAU 19 AM03864-ASusGfsgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcususuAu 311 UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU14 AM03865-AS usGfsgacaaAfcGfggcAfacauaccususuAu 312UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU 14 AM03912-ASusAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfascsauAu 313 UAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU18 AM03913-AS usAfsugauaAfaAfcgcCfgcagacascsauAu 314UAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUAU 18 AM03916-ASusGfsaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfaCfasuscuAu 315 UGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCUAU8 AM03917-AS usGfsauaaaAfcGfccgCfagacacasuscuAu 316UGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCUAU 8 AM04041-ASvpusGfsgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcususuAu 317UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUUAU 14 AM04042-ASvpusAfscCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgGfccsusuAu 318UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCUUAU 17 AM04249-ASdTAfcCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdTp 319 TACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 1AM04272-AS asGfsuCfcGfcGfgGfaUfuCfaGfcGfcCfgAfscsuau 320AGUCCGCGGGAUUCAGCGCCGACUAU 30 AM04273-ASusUfsaAfaGfaGfaGfgUfgCfgCfcCfgGfuGfsgsuau 321 UUAAAGAGAGGUGCGCCCGGUGGUAU31 AM04274-AS usAfsaGfcGfaAfgUfgCfaCfaCfgGfuCfcGfsgsuau 322UAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGUCCGGUAU 32 AM04275-ASusUfsgAfaGfcGfaAfgUfgCfaCfaCfgGfaCfscsuau 323 UUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCUAU33 AM04276-AS asGfsuGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfscsuau 324AGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACUAU 34 AM04277-ASusAfsgAfgGfuGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfscsuau 325 UAGAGGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACUAU35 AM04278-AS usCfsaGfaGfgUfgAfaGfcGfaAfgUfgCfaCfsasuau 326UCAGAGGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACAUAU 36 AM04279-ASusGfscAfgAfgGfuGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfscsuau 327 UGCAGAGGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACUAU37 AM04280-AS usCfsgGfuCfgUfuGfaCfaUfuGfcUfgGfgAfsgsuau 328UCGGUCGUUGACAUUGCUGGGAGUAU 38 AM04281-ASusCfsaAfgGfuCfgGfuCfgUfuGfaCfaUfuGfscsuau 329 UCAAGGUCGGUCGUUGACAUUGCUAU39 AM04288-AS usGfsaCfcUfuUfaAfcCfuAfaUfcUfcCfuCfscsuau 330UGACCUUUAACCUAAUCUCCUCCUAU 40 AM04289-ASasUfsuUfaUfgCfcUfaCfaGfcCfuCfcUfaAfsusuau 331 AUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCUAAUUAU41 AM04290-AS asAfsuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgCfcUfcCfuAfsasuau 332AAUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCUAAUAU 42 AM04291-ASusAfsaUfuUfaUfgCfcUfaCfaGfcCfuCfcUfsasuau 333 UAAUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCUAUAU43 AM04292-AS usCfsaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgCfcUfcCfsusuau 334UCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCUUAU 44 AM04293-ASusCfscAfaUfuUfaUfgCfcUfaCfaGfcCfuCfscsuau 335 UCCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCUAU45 AM04323-AS usAfscGfcCfgCfaGfaCfaCfaUfcCfaGfcGfsasuau 336UACGCCGCAGACACAUCCAGCGAUAU 46 AM04324-ASusAfsaAfaCfgCfcGfcAfgAfcAfcAfuCfcAfsgsuau 337 UAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCCAGUAU47 AM04325-AS usUfsaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfaCfaUfcCfsasuau 338UUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCCAUAU 48 AM04326-ASusUfsgAfuAfaAfaCfgCfcGfcAfgAfcAfcAfsusuau 339 UUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUUAU49 AM04327-AS usAfscGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcUfuGfaUfaAfsusuau 340UACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAAUUAU 15 AM04328-ASusAfsaCfgGfgCfaAfcAfuAfcCfuUfgAfuAfsasuau 341 UAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAAUAU12 AM04329-AS usAfsaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcUfuGfaUfsasuau 342UAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAUAU 50 AM04330-ASusCfsaAfaCfgGfgCfaAfcAfuAfcCfuUfgAfsusuau 343 UCAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUUAU51 AM04331-AS usAfscAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcUfuGfsasuau 344UACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUGAUAU 52 AM04332-ASusAfsgGfaCfaAfaCfgGfgCfaAfcAfuAfcCfsusuau 345 UAGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUAU53 AM04333-AS usAfscUfaGfuAfaAfcUfgAfgCfcAfgGfaGfsasuau 346UACUAGUAAACUGAGCCAGGAGAUAU 13 AM04334-ASusGfsgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfaCfuGfaGfcCfaAfsgsuau 347 UGGCACUAGUAAACUGAGCCAAGUAU54 AM04335-AS usUfsgGfcAfcUfaGfuAfaAfcUfgAfgCfcAfsasuau 348UUGGCACUAGUAAACUGAGCCAAUAU 55 AM04336-ASusAfsaUfgGfcAfcUfaGfuAfaAfcUfgAfgCfscsuau 349 UAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUGAGCCUAU56 AM04337-AS usAfsaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfaCfuGfaGfscsuau 350UAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUGAGCUAU 57 AM04338-ASusCfsaAfaUfgGfcAfcUfaGfuAfaAfcUfgAfsgsuau 351 UCAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUGAGUAU58 AM04339-AS usAfscAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfaCfuGfsasuau 352UACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUGAUAU 59 AM04340-ASusUfsgAfaCfaAfaUfgGfcAfcUfaGfuAfaAfscsuau 353 UUGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAACUAU60 AM04341-AS asCfsuGfaAfcAfaAfuGfgCfaCfuAfgUfaAfsasuau 354ACUGAACAAAUGGCACUAGUAAAUAU 61 AM04342-ASusAfsaCfcAfcUfgAfaCfaAfaUfgGfcAfcUfsasuau 355 UAACCACUGAACAAAUGGCACUAUAU62 AM04343-AS usGfsaAfcCfaCfuGfaAfcAfaAfuGfgCfaCfsusuau 356UGAACCACUGAACAAAUGGCACUUAU 11 AM04344-ASusCfsgAfaCfcAfcUfgAfaCfaAfaUfgGfcAfscsuau 357 UCGAACCACUGAACAAAUGGCACUAU63 AM04345-AS usCfsaGfaGfgUfgAfaAfaAfgUfuGfcAfuGfsgsuau 358UCAGAGGUGAAAAAGUUGCAUGGUAU 64 AM04346-ASusGfscAfgAfgGfuGfaAfaAfaGfuUfgCfaUfsgsuau 359 UGCAGAGGUGAAAAAGUUGCAUGUAU65 AM04347-AS usGfsaUfgAfuUfaGfgCfaGfaGfgUfgAfaAfsasuau 360UGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUGAAAAUAU 66 AM04348-ASusGfsaGfaUfgAfuUfaGfgCfaGfaGfgUfgAfsasuau 361 UGAGAUGAUUAGGCAGAGGUGAAUAU67 AM04357-AS usCfsaCfgAfgUfcUfaGfaCfuCfuGfuGfgUfsasuau 362UCACGAGUCUAGACUCUGUGGUAUAU 68 AM04358-ASasUfsuGfaGfaGfaAfgUfcCfaCfcAfcGfaGfsusuau 363 AUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACGAGUUAU69 AM04359-AS asAfsuUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfcAfcCfaCfgAfsgsuau 364AAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACGAGUAU 70 AM04360-ASusUfsaGfaAfaAfuUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfcAfscsuau 365 UUAGAAAAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACUAU71 AM04361-AS usGfscGfuCfaGfcAfaAfcAfcUfuGfgCfaCfsasuau 366UGCGUCAGCAAACACUUGGCACAUAU 10 AM04362-ASusUfsaUfgGfaUfcGfgCfaGfaGfgAfgCfcAfscsuau 367 UUAUGGAUCGGCAGAGGAGCCACUAU72 AM04363-AS usCfsaGfuAfuGfgAfuCfgGfcAfgAfgGfaGfscsuau 368UCAGUAUGGAUCGGCAGAGGAGCUAU 73 AM04364-ASusGfsgAfgUfuCfcGfcAfgUfaUfgGfaUfcGfsgsuau 369 UGGAGUUCCGCAGUAUGGAUCGGUAU74 AM04441-AS usAfscCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgGfcscsu 370UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCU 75 AM04442-ASusAfscsCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgGfccsu 371 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGCCU 75AM04443-AS usAfscsCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgGfsc 372 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGC76 AM04446-AS usGfsaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfcscsg 373UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCG 77 AM04447-ASusGfsasAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfccsg 374 UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCG 77AM04448-AS usGfsasAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfsc 375 UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGAC78 AM04459-AS usGfsgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcsusu 376UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUU 79 AM04460-ASusGfsgsAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcusu 377 UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUU 79AM04461-AS usGfsgsAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfsc 378 UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACC80 AM04661-AS usGfsugaAfgCfGfaaguGfcAfcacsusu 380 UGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACUU82 AM04662-AS usAfsaaaUfuGfAfgagaAfgUfccaccsasc 381UAAAAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCAC 83 AM04746-ASusUfsgAfaGfcGfaAfgUfgCfaCfaCfgGfascscgcg 382 UUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGCG84 AM04747-AS vpusUfsgAfaGfcGfaAfgUfgCfaCfaCfgGfascscgcg 383UUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGCG 84 AM04749-ASusGfsuGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgsasccgc 384 UGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGC85 AM04750-AS vpusGfsuGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgsasccgc 385UGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGC 85 AM04752-ASusGfsaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfaCfasusccgc 386 UGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCCGC86 AM04753-AS vpusGfsaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfaCfasusccgc 387UGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACAUCCGC 86 AM04755-ASusAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfascsacgc 388 UAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACACGC87 AM04756-AS vpusAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfascsacgc 389UAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACACGC 87 AM04758-ASasGfsuGfaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgsasccgc 390 AGUGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGC88 AM04760-AS asAfsuGfaUfaAfaAfcGfcCfgCfaGfaCfascsacgc 391AAUGAUAAAACGCCGCAGACACACGC 89 AM04762-ASusGfsaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfcscsgcgc 392 UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGCGC90 AM04763-AS vpusGfsaAfgCfgAfaGfuGfcAfcAfcGfgAfcscsgcgc 393UGAAGCGAAGUGCACACGGACCGCGC 90 AM04765-ASusGfsgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcsusucgc 394 UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUCGC91 AM04766-AS vpusGfsgAfcAfaAfcGfgGfcAfaCfaUfaCfcsusucgc 395UGGACAAACGGGCAACAUACCUUCGC 91 AM04768-ASusAfscCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgCfcsusccgc 396 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCGC92 AM04769-AS vpusAfscCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgCfcsusccgc 397UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGCCUCCGC 92 AM04782-AS aAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 398AAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 94 AM04784-AS uGfaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfudTsdT 399UGAUUAGGCAGAGGUTT 93 AM04789-AS aAfuUfuAfugcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT 400AAUUUAUGCCUACAGTT 94 AM05011-AS usAfscsCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgusu 401UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGUU 95 AM05012-AS usAfscsCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfggsc402 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGC 76 AM05013-ASvpusAfscsCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgGfsc 403 UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGGC 76AM05014-AS vpusAfscsCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgusu 404UACCAAUUUAUGCCUACAGUU 95 AM05052-AS asUfsusGfaGfaGfaAfgUfcCfaCfcAfcGfsa405 AUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACGA 96 AM05053-ASasUfsusGfaGfaGfaAfgUfcCfaCfcAfcgsa 406 AUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACGA 96AM05054-AS asUfsusGfaGfaGfaAfgUfcCfaCfcAfcusu 407 AUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACUU97 AM05055-AS vpusUfsusGfaGfaGfaAfgUfcCfaCfcAfcGfsa 408UUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACGA 98 AM05056-AS asAfsusUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfcAfcCfaCfsg409 AAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACG 99 AM05057-ASasAfsusUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfcAfcCfacsg 410 AAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACG 99AM05058-AS asAfsusUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfcAfcCfausu 411 AAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCAUU100 AM05060-AS vpusAfsusUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfcAfcCfaCfsg 412UAUUGAGAGAAGUCCACCACG 101 AM05061-AS usUfsasGfaAfaAfuUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfsc413 UUAGAAAAUUGAGAGAAGUCC 102 AM05062-ASvpusUfsasGfaAfaAfuUfgAfgAfgAfaGfuCfsc 414 UUAGAAAAUUGAGAGAAGUCC 102

TABLE 1B HBV RNAi trigger sense strand sequences. SEQ SEQ IDUnmodified sequence ID Strand ID Modified sequence (5′ → 3′) NO. (5′ →3′) NO. AM00005-SS (Chol-ALNY)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT)415 UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 AM00007-SS(Chol-ALNY)uAuUfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 416UAUUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 104 AM00009-SS(Chol-ALNY)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 417UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM00013-SS(Toc)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 418 UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT105 AM00014-SS (Chol-TEG)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 419UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM00015-SS(Chol-C6)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 420UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 AM00016-SS(Chol-C6)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 421UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM00029-SS(NH2-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 422 CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT106 AM00039-SS (NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 423ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00138-SS(NH2-C6)UfuUfaCfuAfgUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuAf(invdT) 424 UUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT108 AM00175-SS (NH2-C6)uAuCfuGfuagGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 425UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 AM00176-SS(NH2-C6)uAuAfcCfucuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 426UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM00177-SS(NH2-C6)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 427UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 AM00178-SS(NH2-C6)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 428UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM00179-SS(NH2-C6)CfuGfuagGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 429 CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106AM00180-SS (NH2-C6)AfcCfucuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 430ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00429-SS(NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfugcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 431 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107AM00430-SS (NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfccuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 432ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00431-SS(NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuaaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 433 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107AM00432-SS (NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaucAfuCfuAf(invdT) 434ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00433-SS(NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfUfGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 435 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT107 AM00434-SS (NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 436ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00435-SS(NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfUfAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 437 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT107 AM00436-SS (NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfAfUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 438ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00437-SS(NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfCfAfuCfuAf(invdT) 439 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT107 AM00440-SS (NH2-C6)CUNAuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 440CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM00441-SS(NH2-C6)CfUUNAGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 441 CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT106 AM00442-SS (NH2-C6)AUNAcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 442ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM00443-SS(NH2-C6)AfCUNACfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 443 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT107 AM00620-SS CfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 444CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM00621-SS AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT)445 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM01885-SS(Chol-C6)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 446UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 (TEG-Biotin) AM01886-SS(Chol-C6)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 447UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 (TEG-Biotin) AM01934-SS(NH2-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 448 CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT106 AM01936-SS (NH2-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfsusAf(invdT) 449CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM01939-SS(NH2-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfsusAf(invdT) 450 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT107 AM01940-SS (NH2-C6)UfuUfaCfuAfGfUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuAf(invdT) 451UUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT 108 AM01941-SS(NH2-C6)UfuUfaCfuAfGfUfgCfcAfuUfuGfsusAf(invdT) 452 UUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT108 AM01963-SS (Alk-SS-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 453CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM01964-SS(Alk-SS-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 454 ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT107 AM01965-SS (Alk-SS-C6)UfuUfaCfuAfgUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuAf(invdT) 455UUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT 108 AM01979-SS(NH2-C6)UfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 456 UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT109 AM01984-SS (Alk-SS-C6)UfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 457UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 109 AM01991-SS(NH2-C6)UfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 458 UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT109 AM01992-SS (NH2-C6)UfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfsusAf(invdT) 459UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 109 AM02080-SS(Alk-SS-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 460ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM02081-SS(Alk-SS-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfsusAf(invdT) 461ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM02082-SS(Alk-SS-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 462CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM02083-SS(Alk-SS-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfsusAf(invdT) 463CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM02187-SS(Alk-SS-C6)UfuUfaCfuAfGfUfgCfcAfuUfuGfsusAf(invdT) 464UUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT 108 AM02189-SS(Alk-SS-C6)UfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfsusAf(invdT) 465UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 109 AM02278-SS(Alk-SS-C6)CfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfsusAf(invdT) 466CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106 AM02283-SS(Alk-SS-C6)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfsusAf(invdT) 467ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM02285-SS(Alk-SS-C6)UfuUfaCfuAfgUfgCfcAfuUfuGfsusAf(invdT) 468UUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT 108 AM02291-SS(Alk-SS-C6)UfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfsusAf(invdT) 469UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 109 AM02316-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 470UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 AM02317-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 471UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM02318-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuUfuUfaCfuAfGfUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuAf(invdT) 472UAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT 110 AM02319-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuUfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 473UAUUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 104 AM02320-SS(Chol-C6)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 474UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 AM02321-SS(Chol-C6)uAuAfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 475UAUACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 105 AM02322-SS(Chol-C6)uAuUfuUfaCfuAfGfUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuAf(invdT) 476UAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUAT 110 AM02323-SS(Chol-C6)uAuUfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 477UAUUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 104 AM02370-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAusGfscCfuGfuAfggCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfsusAf 478UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02371-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAuGfcCfuGfuAfggCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfu(invdA) 479UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02372-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAusGfscCfuGfuAfGfgCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfsusAf 480UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02373-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAuGfcCfuGfuAfGfgCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfu(invdA) 481UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02378-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAusUfsgUfcUfgCfggCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfsusAf 482UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02379-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAuUfgUfcUfgCfggCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfu(invdA) 483UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02380-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAusUfsgUfcUfgCfGfgCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfsusAf 484UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02381-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAuUfgUfcUfgCfGfgCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfu(invdA) 485UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02386-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAusCfsaAfcCfuCfugCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfsusAf 486UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM02387-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAuCfaAfcCfuCfugCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfu(invdA) 487UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM02388-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAusCfsaAfcCfuCfUfgCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfsusAf 488UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM02389-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuAuCfaAfcCfuCfUfgCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfu(invdA) 489UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM02483-SSUfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 490 UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 109AM02486-SS UfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 491 UCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT109 AM02489-SS (Chol-C6)uAuUfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 492UAUUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 104 AM02576-SSCfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 493 CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 106AM02578-SS AfcCfuCfuGfCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 494ACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT 107 AM02888-SSuAuAusUfgUfgUfcUfgcGfGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 495UAUAUUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCA 114 AM02891-SSuAuAusUfuUfaCfuAfguGfCfcAfuUfuGfuUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 496UAUAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCA 115 AM02894-SSuAuAusUfgCfcAfaGfugUfUfuGfcUfgAfcGfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 497UAUAUUGCCAAGUGUUUGCUGACGCA 116 AM02897-SSuAuAusUfgCfcAfuUfugUfUfcAfgUfgGfuUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 498UAUAUUGCCAUUUGUUCAGUGGUUCA 117 AM02900-SSuAuAusAfuCfaAfgGfuaUfGfuUfgCfcCfgUfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 499UAUAUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUA 118 AM02903-SSuAuAusUfcCfuGfgCfucAfGfuUfuAfcUfaGfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 500UAUAUUCCUGGCUCAGUUUACUAGUA 119 AM02906-SSuAuAusGfgUfaUfgUfugCfCfcGfuUfuGfuCfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 501UAUAUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA 120 AM02909-SSuAuAusUfaUfcAfaGfguAfUfgUfuGfcCfcGfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 502UAUAUUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUA 121 AM02912-SSuAuAusGfuCfcGfuGfugCfAfcUfuCfgCfuUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 503UAUAUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA 122 AM02915-SSuAuAusUfgUfgUfCfugCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 504UAUAUUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCA 114 AM02918-SSuAuAusUfuUfaCfUfagUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 505UAUAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCA 115 AM02921-SSuAuAusUfgCfcAfAfguGfuUfuGfcUfgAfcGfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 506UAUAUUGCCAAGUGUUUGCUGACGCA 116 AM02924-SSuAuAusUfgCfcAfUfuuGfuUfcAfgUfgGfuUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 507UAUAUUGCCAUUUGUUCAGUGGUUCA 117 AM02927-SSuAuAusAfuCfaAfGfguAfuGfuUfgCfcCfgUfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 508UAUAUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUA 118 AM02930-SSuAuAusUfcCfuGfGfcuCfaGfuUfuAfcUfaGfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 509UAUAUUCCUGGCUCAGUUUACUAGUA 119 AM02933-SSuAuAusGfgUfaUfGfuuGfcCfcGfuUfuGfuCfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 510UAUAUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA 120 AM02936-SSuAuAusUfaUfcAfAfggUfaUfgUfuGfcCfcGfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 511UAUAUUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUA 121 AM02939-SSuAuAusGfuCfcGfUfguGfcAfcUfuCfgCfuUfcAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 512UAUAUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA 122 AM02978-SSuAuAusGfcCfuGfuAfggCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 513UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02979-SSuAuAusGfcCfuGfuAfggCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(C11-PEG3-NAG3) 514UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02981-SSuAuAusGfcCfuGfUfagGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 515UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM02987-SSuAuAusUfgUfcUfgCfggCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 516UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02988-SSuAuAusUfgUfcUfgCfggCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(C11-PEG3-NAG3) 517UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02990-SSuAuAusUfgUfcUfGfcgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 518UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM02992-SSuAuAusCfaAfcCfuCfugCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 519UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM02993-SSuAuAusCfaAfcCfuCfugCfCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(C11-PEG3-NAG3) 520UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM02995-SSuAuAusCfaAfcCfUfcuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(C6-SS-Alk-Me) 521UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM03087-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuUfgUfcUfgCfgGfcGfuUfuUfaUfcAf(invdT) 522UAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAT 123 AM03088-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuUfaCfuAfgUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuUfcAf(invdT) 523UAUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCAT 124 AM03089-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuCfcAfaGfuGfuUfuGfcUfgAfcGfcAf(invdT) 524UAUCCAAGUGUUUGCUGACGCAT 125 AM03090-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuCfcAfuUfuGfuUfcAfgUfgGfuUfcAf(invdT) 525UAUCCAUUUGUUCAGUGGUUCAT 126 AM03091-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuCfaAfgGfuAfuGfuUfgCfcCfgUfuAf(invdT) 526UAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUAT 127 AM03092-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuCfuGfgCfuCfaGfuUfuAfcUfaGfuAf(invdT) 527UAUCUGGCUCAGUUUACUAGUAT 128 AM03093-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuUfaUfgUfuGfcCfcGfuUfuGfuCfcAf(invdT) 528UAUUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCAT 129 AM03094-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuUfcAfaGfgUfaUfgUfuGfcCfcGfuAf(invdT) 529UAUUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUAT 130 AM03095-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuCfcGfuGfuGfcAfcUfuCfgCfuUfcAf(invdT) 530UAUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCAT 131 AM03096-SS(Chol-TEG)uAuGfgCfgCfuGfaAfuCfcCfgCfgGfaAf(invdT) 531UAUGGCGCUGAAUCCCGCGGAAT 132 AM03493-SSuAuAusUfsuUfaCfuAfgUfgCfcAfuUfuGfuUfca(NAG13) 532UAUAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCA 115 AM03494-SSuAuAususuuacuagUfgCfcauuuguuca(NAG13) 533 UAUAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCA 115AM03496-SS uAuAususuuaCfuagUfgCfcauuuguuca(NAG13) 534UAUAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCA 115 AM03497-SSuAuAusGfsgUfaUfgUfuGfcCfcGfuUfuGfuCfca(NAG13) 535UAUAUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA 120 AM03498-SSuAuAusgsguauguuGfcCfcguuuguCfca(NAG13) 536 UAUAUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA120 AM03499-SS uAuAusgsguauguuGfcCfcguuugucca(NAG13) 537UAUAUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA 120 AM03501-SSuAuAusGfsuCfcGfuGfuGfcAfcUfuCfgCfuUfca(NAG13) 538UAUAUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA 122 AM03502-SSuAuAusgsuCfcguguGfcAfcuuCfgCfuuca(NAG13) 539 UAUAUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA122 AM03503-SS uAuAusgsuccguguGfcAfcuucgcuuca(NAG13) 540UAUAUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA 122 AM03505-SSuAuAusGfscCfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfua(NAG13) 541UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM03506-SSuAuAusgscCfuguagGfcAfuaaauuggua(NAG13) 542 UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA111 AM03507-SS uAuAusgsccuguagGfcAfuaaauuggua(NAG13) 543UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM03509-SSuAuAusCfsaAfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfua(NAG13) 544UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM03510-SSuAuAusCfsaacCfuCfuGfcCfuaaucauCfua(NAG13) 545 UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA113 AM03511-SS uAuAuscsaaccucuGfcCfuaaucaucua(NAG13) 546UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA 113 AM03763-SSuAuAususuuacuagUfGfCfcauuuguuca(NAG13) 547 UAUAUUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCA115 AM03765-SS uAuAusgsguauguuGfCfCfcguuugucca(NAG13) 548UAUAUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA 120 AM03767-SSuAuAusgsuccguguGfCfAfcuucgcuuca(NAG13) 549 UAUAUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA122 AM03769-SS uAuAusgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauuggua(NAG13) 550UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM03771-SSuAuAuscsaaccucuGfCfCfuaaucaucua(NAG13) 551 UAUAUCAACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUA113 AM03914-SS uAuAuusgsucugcgGfCfGfuuuuaucaua(NAG13) 552UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112 AM03915-SSuAuAuusgsucugcgGfcGfuuuuaucaua(NAG13) 553 UAUAUUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUA 112AM03918-SS uAuAuusgsugucugCfGfGfcguuuuauca(NAG13) 554UAUAUUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCA 114 AM03919-SSuAuAuusgsugucugCfgGfcguuuuauca(NAG13) 555 UAUAUUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCA 114AM03963-SS (Chol-TEG)uAuUfcUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 556UAUUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 104 (TEG-Biotin) AM03964-SS(Chol-C6)uAuCfuGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 557UAUCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 103 (TEG-Biotin) AM04262-SSuauauscsggcgcugAfAfUfcccgcggac(invdT)(NAG13) 558UAUAUCGGCGCUGAAUCCCGCGGACT 133 AM04263-SSuauausasccgggcgCfAfCfcucucuuua(invdA)(NAG13) 559UAUAUACCGGGCGCACCUCUCUUUAA 134 AM04264-SSuauausgsgaccgugUfGfCfacuucgcuu(invdA)(NAG13) 560UAUAUGGACCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUA 135 AM04265-SSuauaususccgugugCfAfCfuucgcuuca(invdA)(NAG13) 561UAUAUUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCAA 136 AM04266-SSuauauscscgugugcAfCfUfucgcuucac(invdT)(NAG13) 562UAUAUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCACT 137 AM04267-SSuauausgsugcacuuCfGfCfuucaccucu(invdA)(NAG13) 563UAUAUGUGCACUUCGCUUCACCUCUA 138 AM04268-SSuauaususgcacuucGfCfUfucaccucug(invdA)(NAG13) 564UAUAUUGCACUUCGCUUCACCUCUGA 139 AM04269-SSuauausgscacuucgCfUfUfcaccucugc(invdA)(NAG13) 565UAUAUGCACUUCGCUUCACCUCUGCA 140 AM04270-SSuauauscsccagcaaUfGfUfcaacgaccg(invdA)(NAG13) 566UAUAUCCCAGCAAUGUCAACGACCGA 141 AM04271-SSuauausasaugucaaCfGfAfccgaccuug(invdA)(NAG13) 567UAUAUAAUGUCAACGACCGACCUUGA 142 AM04282-SSuauausasggagauuAfGfGfuuaaagguc(invdA)(NAG13) 568UAUAUAGGAGAUUAGGUUAAAGGUCA 143 AM04283-SSuauaususaggaggcUfGfUfaggcauaaa(invdT)(NAG13) 569UAUAUUAGGAGGCUGUAGGCAUAAAT 144 AM04284-SSuauausasggaggcuGfUfAfggcauaaau(invdT)(NAG13) 570UAUAUAGGAGGCUGUAGGCAUAAAUT 145 AM04285-SSuauausgsgaggcugUfAfGfgcauaaauu(invdA)(NAG13) 571UAUAUGGAGGCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUA 146 AM04286-SSuauausgsaggcuguAfGfGfcauaaauug(invdA)(NAG13) 572UAUAUGAGGCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGA 147 AM04287-SSuauausasggcuguaGfGfCfauaaauugg(invdA)(NAG13) 573UAUAUAGGCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGA 148 AM04297-SSuauausgscuggaugUfGfUfcugcggcgu(invdA)(NAG13) 574UAUAUGCUGGAUGUGUCUGCGGCGUA 149 AM04298-SSuauausgsgauguguCfUfGfcggcguuuu(invdA)(NAG13) 575UAUAUGGAUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUA 150 AM04299-SSuauausgsaugugucUfGfCfggcguuuua(invdA)(NAG13) 576UAUAUGAUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAA 151 AM04300-SSuauausgsugucugcGfGfCfguuuuauca(invdA)(NAG13) 577UAUAUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAA 152 AM04301-SSuauaususaucaaggUfAfUfguugcccgu(invdA)(NAG13) 578UAUAUUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUA 121 AM04302-SSuauausasucaagguAfUfGfuugcccguu(invdA)(NAG13) 579UAUAUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUA 118 AM04303-SSuauaususcaagguaUfGfUfugcccguuu(invdA)(NAG13) 580UAUAUUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUA 153 AM04304-SSuauauscsaagguauGfUfUfgcccguuug(invdA)(NAG13) 581UAUAUCAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGA 154 AM04305-SSuauausasagguaugUfUfGfcccguuugu(invdA)(NAG13) 582UAUAUAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUA 155 AM04306-SSuauausgsuauguugCfCfCfguuuguccu(invdA)(NAG13) 583UAUAUGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCUA 156 AM04307-SSuauaususccuggcuCfAfGfuuuacuagu(invdA)(NAG13) 584UAUAUUCCUGGCUCAGUUUACUAGUA 119 AM04308-SSuauaususggcucagUfUfUfacuagugcc(invdA)(NAG13) 585UAUAUUGGCUCAGUUUACUAGUGCCA 157 AM04309-SSuauausgsgcucaguUfUfAfcuagugcca(invdA)(NAG13) 586UAUAUGGCUCAGUUUACUAGUGCCAA 158 AM04310-SSuauauscsucaguuuAfCfUfagugccauu(invdA)(NAG13) 587UAUAUCUCAGUUUACUAGUGCCAUUA 159 AM04311-SSuauaususcaguuuaCfUfAfgugccauuu(invdA)(NAG13) 588UAUAUUCAGUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUA 160 AM04312-SSuauauscsaguuuacUfAfGfugccauuug(invdA)(NAG13) 589UAUAUCAGUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGA 161 AM04313-SSuauausasguuuacuAfGfUfgccauuugu(invdA)(NAG13) 590UAUAUAGUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUA 162 AM04314-SSuauaususuacuaguGfCfCfauuuguuca(invdA)(NAG13) 591UAUAUUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCAA 163 AM04315-SSuauaususacuagugCfCfAfuuuguucag(invdT)(NAG13) 592UAUAUUACUAGUGCCAUUUGUUCAGT 164 AM04316-SSuauausgsugccauuUfGfUfucagugguu(invdA)(NAG13) 593UAUAUGUGCCAUUUGUUCAGUGGUUA 165 AM04317-SSuauaususgccauuuGfUfUfcagugguuc(invdA)(NAG13) 594UAUAUUGCCAUUUGUUCAGUGGUUCA 117 AM04318-SSuauausgsccauuugUfUfCfagugguucg(invdA)(NAG13) 595UAUAUGCCAUUUGUUCAGUGGUUCGA 167 AM04319-SSuauausasugcaacuUfUfUfucaccucug(invdA)(NAG13) 596UAUAUAUGCAACUUUUUCACCUCUGA 168 AM04320-SSuauaususgcaacuuUfUfUfcaccucugc(invdA)(NAG13) 597UAUAUUGCAACUUUUUCACCUCUGCA 169 AM04321-SSuauaususucaccucUfGfCfcuaaucauc(invdA)(NAG13) 598UAUAUUUCACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCA 170 AM04322-SSuauauscsaccucugCfCfUfaaucaucuc(invdA)(NAG13) 599UAUAUCACCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUCA 171 AM04349-SSuauauscscacagagUfCfUfagacucgug(invdA)(NAG13) 600UAUAUCCACAGAGUCUAGACUCGUGA 172 AM04350-SSuauaususcguggugGfAfCfuucucucaa(invdT)(NAG13) 601UAUAUUCGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAT 173 AM04351-SSuauauscsgugguggAfCfUfucucucaau(invdT)(NAG13) 602UAUAUCGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUT 174 AM04352-SSuauausgsgacuucuCfUfCfaauuuucua(invdA)(NAG13) 603UAUAUGGACUUCUCUCAAUUUUCUAA 175 AM04353-SSuauaususgccaaguGfUfUfugcugacgc(invdA)(NAG13) 604UAUAUUGCCAAGUGUUUGCUGACGCA 116 AM04354-SSuauausgsgcuccucUfGfCfcgauccaua(invdA)(NAG13) 605UAUAUGGCUCCUCUGCCGAUCCAUAA 176 AM04355-SSuauaususccucugcCfGfAfuccauacug(invdA)(NAG13) 606UAUAUUCCUCUGCCGAUCCAUACUGA 177 AM04356-SSuauausgsauccauaCfUfGfcggaacucc(invdA)(NAG13) 607UAUAUGAUCCAUACUGCGGAACUCCA 178 AM04444-SS(NAG25)uusgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauugguaus(invdT) 608UUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAUT 179 AM04445-SS(NAG25)uauausgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauuggu(invdA) 609UAUAUGCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 111 AM04449-SS(NAG25)uusgsuccguguGfCfAfcuucgcuucaus(invdT) 610UUGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCAUT 180 AM04458-SS(NAG25)uusgsguauguuGfCfCfcguuuguccaus(invdT) 611UUGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCAUT 181 AM04659-SSgsusguGfcAfCfUfucgcuucaca(NAG13) 612 GUGUGCACUUCGCUUCACA 182 AM04660-SSgsgsuggaCfuUfCfUfcucaAfUfuuua(NAG13) 613 GGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUUUUA 166AM04682-SS (NAG25)gsusguGfcAfCfUfucgcuucaCM(invdA) 614GUGUGCACUUCGCUUCACA 182 AM04683-SS(NAG25)gsgsuggaCfuUfCfUfcucaAfUfuuTM(invdA) 615 GGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUUUTA183 AM04745-SS (NAG25)cgcggusccgugugCfAfCfuucgcuucAM(invdA) 616CGCGGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCAA 184 AM04748-SS(NAG25)gcggucscgugugcAfCfUfucgcuucaCM(invdA) 617GCGGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCACA 185 AM04751-SS(NAG25)gcggausgugucugCfGfGfcguuuuauCM(invdA) 618GCGGAUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCA 186 AM04754-SS(NAG25)gcgugusgucugcgGfCfGfuuuuaucaTM(invdA) 619GCGUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCATA 187 AM04757-SS(NAG25)gcggucscgugugcAfCfUfucgcuucaCM(invdT) 620GCGGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCACT 188 AM04759-SS(NAG25)gcgugusgucugcgGfCfGfuuuuaucaTM(invdT) 621GCGUGUGUCUGCGGCGUUUUAUCATT 189 AM04761-SS(NAG25)gcgcggsuccguguGfCfAfcuucgcuuCM(invdA) 622GCGCGGUCCGUGUGCACUUCGCUUCA 190 AM04764-SS(NAG25)gcgaagsguauguuGfCfCfcguuugucCM(invdA) 623GCGAAGGUAUGUUGCCCGUUUGUCCA 191 AM04767-SS(NAG25)gcggagsgcuguagGfCfAfuaaauuggTM(invdA) 624GCGGAGGCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGTA 192 AM04781-SSuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT) 625 UGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 193AM04783-SS cCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) 626 CCUCUGCCUAAUCAUCUAT194 AM04787-SS cUfgCfgGfCfGfuUfuUfaUfcAfuAf(invdT) 627CUGCGGCGUUUUAUCAUAT 195 AM04788-SS uGfuAfgGfCfAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAf(invdT)628 UGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAT 193 AM05010-SS(NAG25)scsuguagGfCfAfuaaauugguauus(invAb) 629 CUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAUUx 196AM05015-SS (NAG25)sgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauugguas(invAb) 630GCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAx 197 AM05016-SS(NAG25)sgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauuggus(invdA) 631 GCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUA 198AM05017-SS (NAG25)sgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauugguAMs(invAb) 632GCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAx 197 AM05018-SS(NAG25)sgsccuguagGfCfAfuaaauuggTMAMs(invAb) 633 GCCUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGTAx199 AM05019-SS (NAG25)sasacuguagGfCfAfuaaauugguas(invAb) 634AACUGUAGGCAUAAAUUGGUAx 200 AM05034-SS(NAG25)suscguggugGfAfCfuucucucaaus(invAb) 635 UCGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUx 201AM05046-SS (NAG25)sasaguggugGfAfCfuucucucaaus(invAb) 636AAGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUx 202 AM05047-SS(NAG25)suscguggugGfAfCfuucucucaAMTMs(invAb) 637 UCGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAATx203 AM05048-SS (NAG25)scsgugguggAfCfUfucucucaauus(invAb) 638CGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUUx 204 AM05049-SS(NAG25)sasaugguggAfCfUfucucucaauus(invAb) 639 AAUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUUx 205AM05050-SS (NAG25)scsgugguggAfCfUfucucucaaTMTMs(invAb) 640CGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAATTx 206 AM05051-SS(NAG25)sgsgacuucuCfUfCfaauuuucuaas(invAb) 641 GGACUUCUCUCAAUUUUCUAAx 207AM05063-SS (NAG25)scsgugguggAfCfUfucucucaauas(invAb) 642CGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAUAx 208 AM05064-SS(NAG25)suscguggugGfAfCfuucucucaaas(invAb) 643 UCGUGGUGGACUUCUCUCAAAx 209

TABLE 2 Examples of HBV RNAi trigger duplexes. Antisense Sense StrandDuplex ID Strand ID ID AD00003 AM00006-AS AM00005-SS AD00004 AM00008-ASAM00007-SS AD00005 AM00010-AS AM00009-SS AD00007 AM00010-AS AM00013-SSAD00008 AM00010-AS AM00014-SS AD00009 AM00006-AS AM00015-SS AD00010AM00010-AS AM00016-SS AD00022 AM00010-AS AM00039-SS AD00073 AM00139-ASAM00138-SS AD00076 AM00006-AS AM00029-SS AD00077 AM00006-AS AM00179-SSAD00078 AM00006-AS AM00177-SS AD00079 AM00006-AS AM00175-SS AD00081AM00010-AS AM00180-SS AD00082 AM00010-AS AM00178-SS AD00083 AM00010-ASAM00176-SS AD00131 AM00194-AS AM00029-SS AD00132 AM00195-AS AM00029-SSAD00239 AM00010-AS AM00429-SS AD00240 AM00010-AS AM00430-SS AD00241AM00010-AS AM00431-SS AD00242 AM00010-AS AM00432-SS AD00243 AM00010-ASAM00433-SS AD00244 AM00010-AS AM00434-SS AD00245 AM00010-AS AM00435-SSAD00246 AM00010-AS AM00436-SS AD00247 AM00010-AS AM00437-SS AD00248AM00438-AS AM00039-SS AD00249 AM00439-AS AM00039-SS AD00250 AM00010-ASAM00442-SS AD00251 AM00006-AS AM00440-SS AD00252 AM00006-AS AM00441-SSAD00253 AM00010-AS AM00443-SS AD00341 AM00006-AS AM00620-SS AD00342AM00010-AS AM00621-SS AD00709 AM01463-AS AM00620-SS AD00710 AM01464-ASAM00621-SS AD01099 AM01933-AS AM01934-SS AD01100 AM01935-AS AM01936-SSAD01101 AM01937-AS AM00434-SS AD01102 AM01938-AS AM01939-SS AD01103AM01942-AS AM00138-SS AD01104 AM01943-AS AM00138-SS AD01105 AM01944-ASAM01940-SS AD01106 AM01945-AS AM01940-SS AD01107 AM01946-AS AM01941-SSAD01108 AM01947-AS AM01941-SS AD01129 AM00006-AS AM01885-SS AD01130AM00010-AS AM01886-SS AD01137 AM00139-AS AM01965-SS AD01138 AM00006-ASAM01963-SS AD01139 AM00010-AS AM01964-SS AD01140 AM00008-AS AM01979-SSAD01141 AM01985-AS AM01979-SS AD01142 AM01986-AS AM01979-SS AD01143AM01987-AS AM01991-SS AD01144 AM01988-AS AM01992-SS AD01145 AM01989-ASAM01991-SS AD01146 AM01990-AS AM01992-SS AD01167 AM00008-AS AM01984-SSAD01245 AM00439-AS AM01964-SS AD01246 AM01937-AS AM02080-SS AD01247AM01938-AS AM02081-SS AD01248 AM00194-AS AM01963-SS AD01249 AM01933-ASAM02082-SS AD01250 AM01935-AS AM02083-SS AD01310 AM01986-AS AM01984-SSAD01319 AM01988-AS AM02189-SS AD01320 AM01990-AS AM02189-SS AD01358AM02276-AS AM02278-SS AD01359 AM02277-AS AM02083-SS AD01360 AM02280-ASAM02283-SS AD01361 AM02281-AS AM02081-SS AD01362 AM02286-AS AM02285-SSAD01363 AM02287-AS AM02187-SS AD01364 AM02288-AS AM02291-SS AD01365AM02289-AS AM02189-SS AD01382 AM02312-AS AM02316-SS AD01383 AM02313-ASAM02317-SS AD01384 AM02314-AS AM02318-SS AD01385 AM02315-AS AM02319-SSAD01386 AM02312-AS AM02320-SS AD01387 AM02313-AS AM02321-SS AD01388AM02314-AS AM02322-SS AD01389 AM02315-AS AM02323-SS AD01425 AM02366-ASAM02370-SS AD01426 AM02367-AS AM02371-SS AD01427 AM02368-AS AM02372-SSAD01428 AM02369-AS AM02373-SS AD01429 AM02374-AS AM02378-SS AD01430AM02375-AS AM02379-SS AD01431 AM02376-AS AM02380-SS AD01432 AM02377-ASAM02381-SS AD01433 AM02382-AS AM02386-SS AD01434 AM02383-AS AM02387-SSAD01435 AM02384-AS AM02388-SS AD01436 AM02385-AS AM02389-SS AD01438AM02391-AS AM02320-SS AD01439 AM02392-AS AM02317-SS AD01440 AM02393-ASAM02321-SS AD01461 AM02392-AS AM02319-SS AD01493 AM02315-AS AM02483-SSAD01494 AM02484-AS AM02483-SS AD01495 AM02485-AS AM02486-SS AD01496AM00008-AS AM02486-SS AD01497 AM00008-AS AM02489-SS AD01562 AM02575-ASAM02576-SS AD01563 AM02577-AS AM02578-SS AD01785 AM02889-AS AM02888-SSAD01786 AM02892-AS AM02891-SS AD01787 AM02895-AS AM02894-SS AD01788AM02898-AS AM02897-SS AD01789 AM02901-AS AM02900-SS AD01790 AM02904-ASAM02903-SS AD01791 AM02907-AS AM02906-SS AD01792 AM02910-AS AM02909-SSAD01793 AM02913-AS AM02912-SS AD01794 AM02916-AS AM02915-SS AD01795AM02919-AS AM02918-SS AD01796 AM02922-AS AM02921-SS AD01797 AM02925-ASAM02924-SS AD01798 AM02928-AS AM02927-SS AD01799 AM02931-AS AM02930-SSAD01800 AM02934-AS AM02933-SS AD01801 AM02937-AS AM02936-SS AD01802AM02940-AS AM02939-SS AD01875 AM02975-AS AM02978-SS AD01876 AM02975-ASAM02979-SS AD01877 AM02976-AS AM02981-SS AD01878 AM02982-AS AM02987-SSAD01879 AM02982-AS AM02988-SS AD01880 AM02983-AS AM02990-SS AD01881AM02984-AS AM02992-SS AD01882 AM02984-AS AM02993-SS AD01883 AM02985-ASAM02995-SS AD01956 AM03097-AS AM03087-SS AD01957 AM03098-AS AM03088-SSAD01958 AM03099-AS AM03089-SS AD01959 AM03100-AS AM03090-SS AD01960AM03101-AS AM03091-SS AD01961 AM03102-AS AM03092-SS AD01962 AM03103-ASAM03093-SS AD01963 AM03104-AS AM03094-SS AD01964 AM03105-AS AM03095-SSAD01965 AM03106-AS AM03096-SS AD02718 AM03495-AS AM03493-SS AD02719AM03495-AS AM03496-SS AD02720 AM03495-AS AM03494-SS AD02721 AM03500-ASAM03497-SS AD02722 AM03500-AS AM03498-SS AD02723 AM03500-AS AM03499-SSAD02724 AM03504-AS AM03501-SS AD02725 AM03504-AS AM03502-SS AD02726AM03504-AS AM03503-SS AD02727 AM03508-AS AM03505-SS AD02728 AM03508-ASAM03506-SS AD02729 AM03508-AS AM03507-SS AD02730 AM03512-AS AM03509-SSAD02731 AM03512-AS AM03510-SS AD02732 AM03512-AS AM03511-SS AD02933AM03495-AS AM03763-SS AD02934 AM03764-AS AM03494-SS AD02935 AM03764-ASAM03763-SS AD02936 AM03764-AS AM03496-SS AD02937 AM03500-AS AM03765-SSAD02938 AM03766-AS AM03499-SS AD02939 AM03766-AS AM03765-SS AD02940AM03504-AS AM03767-SS AD02941 AM03768-AS AM03503-SS AD02942 AM03768-ASAM03767-SS AD02943 AM03508-AS AM03769-SS AD02944 AM03770-AS AM03507-SSAD02945 AM03770-AS AM03769-SS AD02946 AM03512-AS AM03771-SS AD02947AM03772-AS AM03511-SS AD02948 AM03772-AS AM03771-SS AD03055 AM03864-ASAM03765-SS AD03056 AM03865-AS AM03499-SS AD03057 AM03865-AS AM03765-SSAD03096 AM03912-AS AM03914-SS AD03097 AM03913-AS AM03914-SS AD03098AM03912-AS AM03915-SS AD03099 AM03913-AS AM03915-SS AD03100 AM03916-ASAM03918-SS AD03101 AM03917-AS AM03918-SS AD03102 AM03916-AS AM03919-SSAD03103 AM03917-AS AM03919-SS AD03153 AM02315-AS AM03963-SS AD03154AM02312-AS AM03964-SS AD03217 AM04041-AS AM03765-SS AD03218 AM04042-ASAM03507-SS AD03350 AM04249-AS AM00620-SS AD03363 AM04272-AS AM04262-SSAD03364 AM04273-AS AM04263-SS AD03365 AM04274-AS AM04264-SS AD03366AM04275-AS AM04265-SS AD03367 AM04276-AS AM04266-SS AD03368 AM04277-ASAM04267-SS AD03369 AM04278-AS AM04268-SS AD03370 AM04279-AS AM04269-SSAD03371 AM04280-AS AM04270-SS AD03372 AM04281-AS AM04271-SS AD03373AM04288-AS AM04282-SS AD03374 AM04289-AS AM04283-SS AD03375 AM04290-ASAM04284-SS AD03376 AM04291-AS AM04285-SS AD03377 AM04292-AS AM04286-SSAD03378 AM04293-AS AM04287-SS AD03381 AM04323-AS AM04297-SS AD03382AM04324-AS AM04298-SS AD03383 AM04325-AS AM04299-SS AD03384 AM04326-ASAM04300-SS AD03385 AM04327-AS AM04301-SS AD03386 AM04328-AS AM04302-SSAD03387 AM04329-AS AM04303-SS AD03388 AM04330-AS AM04304-SS AD03389AM04331-AS AM04305-SS AD03390 AM04332-AS AM04306-SS AD03391 AM04333-ASAM04307-SS AD03392 AM04334-AS AM04308-SS AD03393 AM04335-AS AM04309-SSAD03394 AM04336-AS AM04310-SS AD03395 AM04337-AS AM04311-SS AD03396AM04338-AS AM04312-SS AD03397 AM04339-AS AM04313-SS AD03398 AM04340-ASAM04314-SS AD03399 AM04341-AS AM04315-SS AD03400 AM04342-AS AM04316-SSAD03401 AM04343-AS AM04317-SS AD03402 AM04344-AS AM04318-SS AD03403AM04345-AS AM04319-SS AD03404 AM04346-AS AM04320-SS AD03405 AM04347-ASAM04321-SS AD03406 AM04348-AS AM04322-SS AD03407 AM04357-AS AM04349-SSAD03408 AM04358-AS AM04350-SS AD03409 AM04359-AS AM04351-SS AD03410AM04360-AS AM04352-SS AD03411 AM04361-AS AM04353-SS AD03412 AM04362-ASAM04354-SS AD03413 AM04363-AS AM04355-SS AD03414 AM04364-AS AM04356-SSAD03498 AM03508-AS AM04445-SS AD03499 AM04441-AS AM04444-SS AD03500AM04442-AS AM04444-SS AD03501 AM04443-AS AM04444-SS AD03502 AM04446-ASAM04449-SS AD03503 AM04447-AS AM04449-SS AD03504 AM04448-AS AM04449-SSAD03509 AM04459-AS AM04458-SS AD03510 AM04460-AS AM04458-SS AD03511AM04461-AS AM04458-SS AD03669 AM04661-AS AM04659-SS AD03670 AM04662-ASAM04660-SS AD03679 AM04661-AS AM04682-SS AD03680 AM04662-AS AM04683-SSAD03724 AM04746-AS AM04745-SS AD03725 AM04747-AS AM04745-SS AD03726AM04749-AS AM04748-SS AD03727 AM04750-AS AM04748-SS AD03728 AM04752-ASAM04751-SS AD03729 AM04753-AS AM04751-SS AD03730 AM04755-AS AM04754-SSAD03731 AM04756-AS AM04754-SS AD03732 AM04758-AS AM04757-SS AD03733AM04760-AS AM04759-SS AD03734 AM04762-AS AM04761-SS AD03735 AM04763-ASAM04761-SS AD03736 AM04765-AS AM04764-SS AD03737 AM04766-AS AM04764-SSAD03738 AM04768-AS AM04767-SS AD03739 AM04769-AS AM04767-SS AD03750AM04782-AS AM04781-SS AD03751 AM04784-AS AM04783-SS AD03753 AM02609-ASAM04787-SS AD03754 AM04789-AS AM04788-SS AD03967 AM04443-AS AM05010-SSAD03968 AM05011-AS AM05010-SS AD03969 AM04443-AS AM05015-SS AD03970AM05011-AS AM05019-SS AD03971 AM05012-AS AM05015-SS AD03972 AM04443-ASAM05016-SS AD03973 AM04443-AS AM05017-SS AD03974 AM04443-AS AM05018-SSAD03975 AM05013-AS AM05015-SS AD03976 AM05014-AS AM05019-SS AD03977AM05013-AS AM05017-SS AD03978 AM05013-AS AM04444-SS AD04001 AM05052-ASAM05034-SS AD04002 AM05053-AS AM05034-SS AD04003 AM05054-AS AM05046-SSAD04004 AM05052-AS AM05047-SS AD04005 AM05055-AS AM05064-SS AD04006AM05056-AS AM05048-SS AD04007 AM05057-AS AM05048-SS AD04008 AM05058-ASAM05049-SS AD04009 AM05056-AS AM05050-SS AD04010 AM05060-AS AM05063-SSAD04011 AM05061-AS AM05051-SS AD04012 AM05062-AS AM05051-SS

In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger is prepared or provided as asalt, mixed salt, or a free-acid.

Targeting groups and linking groups, as indicated in Tables 1A and 1B,include, but are not limited to, (Chol-TEG), (Chol-C6), (Chol-ALNY),(NH2-C6), (C6-SS-Alk-Me), (Alk-SS-C6), (C11-PEG3-NAG3), (NAG13),(NAG25), (Toc), and (TEG-Biotin). In some embodiments, any of the HBVRNAi trigger sense strands listed in Table 1B which contains a 3′ or 5′targeting group or linking group, may alternatively contain no 3′ or 5′targeting group or linking group, or may contain a different 3′ or 5′targeting group or linking group.

Structures for targeting groups and linking groups linked the RNAitrigger indicated in Table 1B are shown below and in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.(RNAi trigger is indicated by RNA or trigger).

-   -   (Chol-TEG)-RNA, n=1-10, In some embodiments, n=2.

-   -   (NH₂—C_(n))-RNA, n=1-10, IN some embodiments, N=6 (C6).

RNA-(C6-SS-Alk-Me) or ((Me-Alk-SS-C6)-RNA; (n=1-10), In someembodiments, n=4

In Vivo Delivery

Described herein are methods for delivering HBV RNAi triggers to livercells in a mammal in vivo. In some embodiments, a delivery vehicle maybe used. A delivery vehicle is a compound which improves delivery of theRNAi agent to the cell. A delivery vehicle can be, but is not limitedto: a polymer, such as an amphipathic polymer, membrane active polymer,a peptide, such as a melittin or melittin-like peptide, a reversiblymodified polymer or peptide, or a lipid. In some embodiments, an HBVRNAi trigger is linked to a targeting ligand that comprises a galactosederivative. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger is linked to atargeting ligand that comprises or consists of a galactose trimer. Insome embodiments, HBV RNAi trigger delivery systems are describedcomprising a small delivery peptide, MLP, derived from bee venom peptideand one or more independently targeted HBV RNAi triggers.

In some embodiments, an RNAi trigger as described herein is linked to agalactose trimer. As used herein, a galactose trimer comprises amolecule having three or four terminal galactose derivatives. As usedherein, the term galactose derivative includes both galactose andderivatives of galactose having affinity for the asialoglycoproteinreceptor equal to or greater than that of galactose. A galactose trimercontains three or four galactose derivatives each linked to a centralbranch point through its C-1 carbon. In some embodiments, a galactosederivative is linked to the branch point via a linker or spacer. In someembodiments, the linker or spacer is a flexible hydrophilic spacer (U.S.Pat. No. 5,885,968; Biessen et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995 Vol. 39 p.1538-1546), such as, but not limited to: a PEG spacer. In someembodiments, the PEG spacer is a PEG₃ spacer. The branch point can beany small molecule which permits attachment of three to four galactosederivatives and further permits attachment of the branch point to theRNAi agent. Attachment of the branch point to the RNAi agent may occurthrough a linker or spacer. In some embodiments, the linker or spacercomprises a flexible hydrophilic spacer, such as, but not limited to: aPEG spacer. In some embodiments, a PEG spacer is a PEG₃ spacer (threeethylene units). In other embodiments, the PEG spacer has 1 to 20ethylene units (PEG₁ to PEG₂₀). In some embodiments, a galactosederivative comprises an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc or NAG). Othersaccharides having affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor may beselected from the list comprising: galactose, galactosamine,N-formyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine,N-propionyl-galactosamine, N-n-butanoylgalactosamine, andN-iso-butanoylgalactosamine. The affinities of numerous galactosederivatives for the asialoglycoprotein receptor have been studied (seefor example: Iobst, S. T. and Drickamer, K. J.B.C. 1996, 271, 6686) orare readily determined using methods well known and commonly used in theart. Other terms common in the art for galactose trimer having threeterminal galactose derivatives include tri-antennary galactose,tri-valent galactose. Other terms common in the art for galactose trimerinclude galactose cluster. It is known that tri-antennary galactosederivative clusters are bound to the ASGPr with greater affinity thanbi-antennary or mono-antennary galactose derivative structures(Baenziger and Fiete, 1980, Cell, 22, 611-620; Connolly et al., 1982, J.Biol. Chem., 257, 939-945).

In some embodiments compositions are described comprising:MLP-(L-M)_(x) plus N-T,

wherein N is a HBV RNAi trigger, T is a targeting group (comprising ahydrophobic group having 20 or more carbon atoms, such as acholesterol), MLP is a melittin-like peptide as describe herein, andmasking agent M contains an ASGPr ligand as described herein covalentlylinked to MLP via a physiologically labile reversible linkage L. As usedherein, MLP-(L-M)_(x) is an MLP delivery peptide or delivery peptide.Cleavage of L restores an unmodified amine on MLP. In some embodiments,optional group Y is linked to the amino terminal end, carboxyl terminalend, or cysteine of an MLP. If present, Y can comprise: an ASGPr ligand,a polyethyleneglycol (PEG), or an ASGPr ligand-PEG. x is an integergreater than 1. In its unmodified state, MLP is membrane active.However, delivery peptide MLP-(L-M)_(x) is not membrane active.Reversible modification of MLP primary amines, by attachment of M,reversibly inhibits or inactivates membrane activity of MLP. Asufficient percentage of MLP primary amines are modified to inhibitmembrane activity of the polymer and provide for hepatocyte targeting.In some embodiments, x has a value greater than 80%, greater than 90%,or greater than 95% of the number of primary amines on MLP, asdetermined by the quantity of primary amines on MLP in the absence ofany masking agents. More specifically, x has a value greater than 80%and up to 100% of the primary amines on MLP. It is noted that MLPtypically contains 3-5 primary amines (including the amino terminus (ifunmodified) and typically 2-4 Lysine residues). Therefore, modificationof a percentage of amines is meant to reflect the modification of apercentage of MLP amines in a population of MLPs. A population of MLPsmeans the population of MLPs in a defined sample size that would berelevant to a person of ordinary skill in the art, such as thepopulation in a container, dose, or manufactured batch. In someembodiments, the population of MLPs is the pool of MLP in a manufacturedbatch. Upon cleavage of reversible linkages L, unmodified amines arerestored thereby reverting MLP to its unmodified, membrane active state.In some embodiments, a reversible linkage is a pH labile linkage, suchas a disubstituted maleamate linkage. MLP-(L-M)_(x), an ASGPr-targetedreversibly masked membrane active polymer (delivery peptide), and T-N, apolynucleotide-conjugate, are synthesized or manufactured separately.Neither T nor N are covalently linked directly or indirectly to MLP, L,or M. Electrostatic or hydrophobic association of the polynucleotide orthe polynucleotide-conjugate with the masked or unmasked polymer is notrequired for in vivo liver delivery of the polynucleotide. The maskedpolymer and the polynucleotide conjugate can be supplied in the samecontainer or in separate containers. They may be combined prior toadministration, co-administered, or administered sequentially.

In some embodiments, an ASGPr-targeted reversibly masked MLP comprisesan MLP reversibly modified by reaction of primary amines on the peptidewith ASGPr ligand-containing masking agents. An amine is reversiblymodified if cleavage of the modifying group restores the amine.Reversible modification of the MLP with the masking agents disclosedherein reversibly inhibits membrane activity of the MLP. In the maskedstate, the reversibly masked MLP does not exhibit membrane disruptiveactivity. In some embodiments, more than 80%, or more than 90%, of theamines on the MLP are reversibly modified.

MLP, as used herein, is a small amphipathic membrane active peptide,comprising about 23 to about 32 amino acids, derived from the naturallyoccurring in bee venom peptide melittin. The naturally occurringmelittin contains 26 amino acids and is predominantly hydrophobic on theamino terminal end and predominantly hydrophilic (cationic) on thecarboxy terminal end. In some embodiments, an MLP is isolated from abiological source or synthetic. A synthetic polymer is formulated ormanufactured by a chemical process “by man” and is not created by anaturally occurring biological process. As used herein, MLP encompassesthe naturally occurring bee venom peptides of the MLP family that can befound in, for example, venom of the species: Apis florea, Apismellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Vespula maculifrons, Vespamagnifica, Vespa velutina, Polistes sp. HQL-2001, and Polistes hebraeus.As used herein, MLP also encompasses synthetic peptides having aminoacid sequence identical to or similar to naturally occurring MLPs.Specifically, MLP amino acid sequence encompass those shown in Table 3.In addition to the amino acids which retain melittin's inherent highmembrane activity, 1-8 amino acids can be added to the amino or carboxyterminal ends of the peptide. Specifically, cysteine residues can beadded to the amino or carboxy termini. The list in Table 3 is not meantto be exhaustive, as other conservative amino acid substitutions arereadily envisioned. Synthetic MLPs can contain naturally occurring Lform amino acids or the enantiomeric D form amino acids (inverso). TheMLP amino acid sequence can also be reversed (retro). Retro MLP can haveL form amino acids or D form amino acids (retroinverso). Two MLPs canalso be covalently linked to form an MLP dimer. An MLP can havemodifying groups, other than masking agents, that enhance tissuetargeting or facilitate in vivo circulation attached to either the aminoterminal or carboxy terminal ends of the peptide. However, as usedherein, MLP does not include chains or polymers containing more than twoMLPs covalently linked to one another or to another polymer or scaffold.

In some embodiments, a melittin-like peptide (MLP) comprises an Apisflorea (little or dwarf honey bee) melittin, Apis mellifera (western orEuropean or big honey bee) melittin, Apis dorsata (giant honey bee)melittin, Apis cerana (oriental honey bee) melittin or derivativesthereof (including amino acid substitutions). In some embodiments, MLPcomprises the sequence:Xaa₁-Xaa₂-Xaa₃-Ala-Xaa₅-Leu-Xaa₇-Val-Leu-Xaa₁₀-Xaa₁₁-Xaa₁₂-Leu-Pro-Xaa₁₅-Leu-Xaa₁₇-Xaa₁₈-Trp-Xaa₂₀-Xaa₂₁-Xaa₂₂-Xaa₂₃-Xaa₂₄-Xaa₂₅-Xaa₂₆wherein:

-   -   Xaa₁ is leucine, D-leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, tyrosine,        tryptophan, valine, alanine, dimethylglycine, glycine,        histidine, phenylalanine, or cysteine,    -   Xaa₂ is isoleucine, leucine, norleucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₃ is glycine, leucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₅ is isoleucine, leucine, norleucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₇ is lysine, serine, asparagine, alanine, arginine, or        histidine,    -   Xaa₁₀ is alanine, threonine, or leucine,    -   Xaa₁₁ is threonine or cysteine,    -   Xaa₁₂ is glycine, leucine, or tryptophan,    -   Xaa₁₅ is threonine or alanine,    -   Xaa₁₇ is isoleucine, leucine, norleucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₁₈ is serine or cysteine,    -   Xaa₁₀ is isoleucine, leucine, norleucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₁₁ is lysine or alanine,    -   Xaa₂₂ is asparagine or arginine,    -   Xaa₂₃ is lysine or alanine,    -   Xaa₂₄ is arginine or lysine,    -   Xaa₂₅ is lysine, alanine, or glutamine,    -   Xaa₂₆ is optional and if present is glutamine, cysteine,        glutamine-NH₂, or cysteine-NH₂; and,    -   and at least two of Xaa₂₁, Xaa₂₃, and Xaa₂₅ are lysine.

In some embodiments, MLP comprises the sequence:Xaa₁-Xaa₂-Xaa₃-Ala-Xaa₅-Leu-Xaa₇-Val-Leu-Xaa₁₀-Xaa₁₁-Xaa₁₂-Leu-Pro-Xaa₁₅-Leu-Xaa₁₇-Ser-Trp-Xaa₂₀-Lys-Xaa₂₂-Lys-Arg-Lys-Xaa₂₆wherein:

-   -   Xaa₁ is leucine, D-leucine, norleucine, or tyrosine,    -   Xaa₂ is isoleucine, leucine, norleucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₃ is glycine, leucine, or valine,    -   Xaa₅ is isoleucine, valine, leucine, or norleucine,    -   Xaa₇ is lysine, serine, asparagine, alanine, arginine, or        histidine,    -   Xaa₁₀ is alanine, threonine, or leucine,    -   Xaa₁₁ is threonine, or cysteine,    -   Xaa₁₂ is glycine, leucine, or tryptophan,    -   Xaa₁₅ is threonine, or alanine,    -   Xaa₁₇ is isoleucine, leucine, or norleucine,    -   Xaa₁₀ is isoleucine, leucine, or norleucine,    -   Xaa₂₂ is asparagine or arginine, and    -   Xaa₂₆ is glutamine or cysteine.

In some embodiments, MLP comprises the sequence:Xaa₁-Xaa₂-Gly-Ala-Xaa₅-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala-Xaa₁₁-Gly-Leu-Pro-Thr-Leu-Xaa₁₇-Ser-Trp-Xaa₂₀-Lys-Xaa₂₂-Lys-Arg-Lys-Xaa₂₆wherein:

-   -   Xaa₁, Xaa₂, Xaa₅, Xaa₁₇ and Xaa₂₀ are independently isoleucine,        leucine, or norleucine,    -   Xaa₁₁ is threonine or cysteine,    -   Xaa₂₂ is Asparagine or arginine, and    -   Xaa₂₆ is glutamine or cysteine.

TABLE 3 MLP amino acid sequences. SEQ ID NO MLP Sequence Name 644GIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ Apis florea 645 AIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1A 646 CIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1C 647 FIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1F 648 HIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1H 649 IIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1L 650 LIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L 651 NleIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1Nle 652 VIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1V 653 WIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1W 654 YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1Y 655 GIGAILKVLACGLPTLISWIKNKRKQT11C dMel 656 GIGAILKVLATLLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G12L 657GIGAILKVLATWLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G12W 658 GIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKTKRKQ N22T 659YIGAILNVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1Y, K7N 660 YIGAILAVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1Y, K7A 661 LIGAILSVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, K7S 662LIGAILRVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, K7R 663 LIGAILHVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQG1L, K7H 664 LIGAILKVLACGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, T11C 665LIGAILKVLATLLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, G12L 666 YIGAILKVLATGLLTLISWIKNKRKQG1Y, P14L 667 LIGAILKVLATGLPCLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, T15C 668LIGAILKVLATGLPTLICWIKNKRKQ G1L, S18C 669 YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISAIKNKRKQG1Y, W19A 670 GIGAILKVLACGLPTLISWLKNKRKQ T11C, I20L 671YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIANKRKQ G1Y, K21A 672 YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNARKQG1Y, K23A 673 LIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKAKQ G1L, R24A 674YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRAQ G1Y, K25A 675 YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKCG1Y, Q26C 676 LLGAILKVLACGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, I2L, T11C 677LIGALLKVLACGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1L, I5L, T11C 678 YIGAILAVLATGLPTLISWIANKRKQG1Y, K7A, K21A 679 YIGAILAVLATGLPTLISWIKNARKQ G1Y, K7A, K23A 680LIGAILKVLACGLPTLLSWIKNKRKQ G1L, T11C, I17L 681LIGAILKVLACGIPTLICWIKNKRKQ G1L, T11C, S18C 682GIGAILKVLACGLPGLIGWIKNKRKQ T11G, T15G, S18G 683GIGAILKVLACGLPALIAWIKNKRKQ T11A, T15A, S18A 684YIGAILAVLATGLPTLISWIANARKQ G1Y, K7A, K21A, K23A 685YIAAILKVLAAALATLISWIKNKRKQ G1Y, G3A, T11A, G12A, P14A 686LLGALLKVLATGLPTLLSWLKNKRKQ G1L, I2L, 15L, I17L, I20L 687LNleGANleLKVLATGLPTLNleSWNleKNKRKQ G1L, I2Nle, 15Nle, I17Nle, I20Nle 688LVGAVLKVLATGLPTLVSWVKNKRKQ G1L, I2V, I5V, I17V, I20V 689GLGALLKVLACGLPTLLSWLKNKRKQ I2L, I5L, T11C, I17L, I20L 690GNleGANleLKVLACGLPTLNleSWNleKNKRKQ I2Nle, I5Nle, T11C, I17Nle, I20Nle691 CEDDLLLGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ CEDDL-Mel G1L, I2L 692CLVVLIVVAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ CLVVL-Mel G1l, I2V, G3V 693GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ Apis mellifera 694CLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ C-Mel G1L 695 CNleIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQC-Mel G1Nle 696 GLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G-Mel G1L 697LLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ L-Mel G1L 698 KLKLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQKLK-Mel G1L 699 KLKYIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ KLK-Mel G1Y 700CKLKLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ CKLK-Mel G1L 701CKLKNleIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ CKLK-Mel G1Nle 702GKLKLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ GKLK-Mel G1L 703CPANLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ CPAN-dMel G1L 704DEPLRAIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ DEPLR-Mel G1A 705GIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQC Mel-Cys 706 LIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQCG1L Mel-Cys 707 NleIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQC G1Nle Mel-C 708LIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQKLKC G1L Mel-KLKC 709YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQPLGIAGQC G1Y Mel-PLGIAGQC 710LIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQKKKKK G1L Mel-KKKKK 711YIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQGFKGC G1Y Mel-GFKGC 712CFKLIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQC CFK-G1L Mel-C 713FGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ G1F, I2Δ 714 LIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKG1L Mel (1-23) 715 LIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIK G1L, L5V, A10T, T15A Mel(1-21)716 LIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKGE G1L, L5V, A10T, T15A, N22G, K23E Mel (1-23)717 QKRKNKIWSILTPLGTALVKLIAGIL G1L retroMel 718KLKQKRKNKIWSILTPLGTALVKLIAGIL G1L retroMel-KLK 719GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWISRKKRQQ I5V, A10T, T15A, N22R, R24K, K25R Mel-Q 720GIGARLKVLTTGLPR ISWIKRKRQQ I5R, A10T, T15R, L16, N22R, K25Q 721GIGAILKVLSTGLPALISWIKRKRQE A10S, T15A, N22R, K25Q, Q26E 722GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALIGWIKRKRQQ I5V, A10T, T15A, S18G, N22R, K25Q 723GIGAVLKVLATGLPALISWIKRKRQQ I5V, T15A, N22R, K25Q 724GIGAVLKVLSTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ I5V, A10S, T15A, N22R, K25Q 725GIGAILRVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ K7R 726 GIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKRKRKQ N22R 727GIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKKKKQQ N22K, R24K, K25Q 728GIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQGSKKKK Mel-GSKKKK 729KKGIGAILKVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQ KK-Mel 730 GIGAILEVLATGLPTLISWIKNKRKQK7E Mel 731 GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKR I5V, T15A, N22R, 25-26Δ 732GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKR I5V, T15A, N22R, 23-26Δ 733CIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ G1C, I5V, A10T, T15A, N22R,K25Q 734QQRKRKIWSILAPLGTTLVKLVAGIG I5V, A10T, T15A, N22R retroMel 735QQRKRKIWSILAPLGTTLVKLVAGIC G1C, I5V, A10T, T15A, N22R retroMel 736QQKKKKIWSILAPLGTTLVKLVAGIC G1C, I5V, A10T, T15A, N22R, R24K retroMel 737QKRKNKIWSILTPLGTALVKLIAGIG Q25K retro Mel 738 QQRKRKIWSILAALGTTLVKLVAGICG1C, I5V, A10T, P14A, T15A, N22R retroMel 739QKRKNKIWSILTPLGTALVKLIAGIG-NH2 Retroinverso (dMel) dMel = Melittinpeptide having D-form amino acids

In some embodiments, the ASGPr ligand-containing masking agent has aneutral charge and comprises an ASGPr ligand linked to a disubstitutedmaleic anhydride amine-reactive group. In some embodiments, the ASGPrligand has affinity for the ASGPr greater than or equal to galactose (agalactose derivative). Galactose derivative include, but are not limitedto: galactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, lactose, N-formylgalactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-propionylgalactosamine,N-n-butanoylgalactosamine, and N-iso-butanoylgalactosamine.

In some embodiments, a masking agent comprises a neutral hydrophilicdisubstituted alkylmaleic anhydride having the structure represented by:

wherein in which R1 comprises an asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr)ligand and alkyl can be, but is not limited to, methyl (—CH₃), ethyl(—CH₂CH₃), or propyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₃). An example of a substitutedalkylmaleic anhydride consists of a 2-propionic-3-alkylmaleic anhydridederivative. A neutral hydrophilic 2-propionic-3-alkylmaleic anhydridederivative is formed by attachment of a neutral hydrophilic group to a2-propionic-3-alkylmaleic anhydride through the2-propionic-3-alkylmaleic anhydride γ-carboxyl group:

wherein R1 comprises a neutral ASGPr ligand and n=0 or 1. In someembodiments, the ASGPr ligand is linked to the anhydride via a short PEGlinker.

In some embodiments, the galactose ligand is linked to the anhydridethrough a PEG linker as illustrated by the structure:

wherein n is an integer between 1 and 19.

-   -   Reaction of an amine with a cyclic anhydride to form an amide        acid.

Cleavage of the amide acid to form an amine and an anhydride ispH-dependent and is greatly accelerated at acidic pH.

The membrane active polyamine can be conjugated to masking agents in thepresence of an excess of masking agents. The excess masking agent may beremoved from the conjugated delivery peptide prior to administration ofthe delivery peptide.

ASGPr Ligand

Targeting moieties or groups enhance the pharmacokinetic orbiodistribution properties of a conjugate to which they are attached toimprove cell-specific distribution and cell-specific uptake of theconjugate. Galactose derivatives have been used to target molecules tohepatocytes in vivo through their binding to the asialoglycoproteinreceptor (ASGPr) expressed on the surface of hepatocytes. As usedherein, an ASGPr ligand comprises a galactose derivative having affinityfor the ASGPr equal to or greater than that of galactose. Binding ofASGPr ligands to the ASGPr(s) facilitates cell-specific targeting tohepatocytes and endocytosis of the molecule into hepatocytes. ASGPrligands may be selected from the group comprising: lactose, galactose,N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), galactosamine, N-formylgalactosamine,N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-propionylgalactosamine,N-n-butanoylgalactosamine, and N-iso-butanoyl-galactosamine (Iobst, S.T. and Drickamer, K. J.B.C. 1996, 271, 6686). ASGPr ligands can bemonomeric (e.g., having a single galactosamine) or multimeric (e.g.,having multiple galactosamines). In some embodiments, the MLP isreversibly masked by attachment of ASGPr ligand masking agents to ≥80%or ≥90% of primary amines on the peptide.

RNAi Trigger-Hydrophobic Group Conjugate

We have found that conjugation of an HBV RNAi trigger to a hydrophobicgroup, such as a cholesterol or cholesteryl group, and co-administrationof the RNAi trigger conjugate with an MLP delivery peptide provides forefficient, functional delivery of the HBV RNAi trigger to liver cells,particularly hepatocytes, in vivo. In some embodiments, an HBV RNAitrigger is covalently conjugated to a hydrophobic group. A trigger canbe synthesized or modified such that it contains a reactive group A. Thetargeting group can also be synthesized or modified such that itcontains a reactive group B. Reactive groups A and B are chosen suchthat they can be linked via a covalent linkage using methods known inthe art. The hydrophobic group may be linked to the 3′ or the 5′ end ofan HBV RNAi trigger. In some embodiments, a hydrophobic group is linkedto either the sense strand or the antisense strand of the RNAi trigger.In some embodiments, a hydrophobic group is linked to the sense strandof the RNAi trigger.

In some embodiments, hydrophobic groups useful as polynucleotidetargeting moieties may be selected from the group consisting of: alkylgroup, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group,aralkenyl group, and aralkynyl group, each of which may be linear,branched, or cyclic, cholesterol, cholesterol derivative, sterol,steroid, and steroid derivative.

Hydrophobic targeting moieties are typically hydrocarbons, containingonly carbon and hydrogen atoms. In some embodiments, the hydrophobicgroup can be, but is not limited to, cholesterol, dicholesterol,tocopherol, ditocopherol, didecyl, didodecyl, dioctadecyl, didodecyl,dioctadecyl, isoprenoid, and choleamide. Attachment of a hydrophobictargeting group to an HBV RNAi trigger does not provide efficientfunctional in vivo delivery of the HBV RNAi trigger in the absence ofco-administration of the delivery peptide. While siRNA-cholesterolconjugates have been reported by others to deliver siRNA(siRNA-cholesterol) to liver cells in vivo, in the absence of anyadditional delivery vehicle, high concentrations of siRNA are requiredand delivery efficacy is poor. When combined with the delivery peptidesdescribed herein, delivery of the RNAi trigger is greatly improved. Byproviding the HBV RNAi trigger-cholesterol and a delivery peptide,efficacy of HBV RNAi trigger is increased about 100 fold. In someembodiments, a targeting group is linked to either the sense strand orthe antisense strand of the RNAi trigger. Substitutions or heteroatomswhich maintain hydrophobicity, for example fluorine, may be permitted.The hydrophobic targeting group may be attached to the 3′ or 5′ end ofthe HBV RNAi trigger using methods known in the art. For HBV RNAitriggers having 2 strands, the hydrophobic group may be attached toeither strand.

Hydrophobic group indicates in qualitative terms that the chemicalmoiety is water-avoiding. Typically, such chemical group is not watersoluble, and tends not to form hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic groupsdissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents and have littleto no capacity to form hydrogen bonds. Hydrocarbons containing two (2)or more carbon atoms, certain substituted hydrocarbons, cholesterol, andcholesterol derivatives are examples of hydrophobic groups andcompounds. Hydrophobic groups are typically hydrocarbons, containingonly carbon and hydrogen atoms. In some embodiments, non-polarsubstitutions or non-polar heteroatoms which maintain hydrophobicity,and include, for example fluorine, are permitted. The term includesaliphatic groups, aromatic groups, acyl groups, alkyl groups, alkenylgroups, alkynyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, aralkenyl groups,and aralkynyl groups, each of which may be linear, branched, or cyclic.The term hydrophobic group also includes: sterols, steroids,cholesterol, and steroid and cholesterol derivatives. As used herein,cholesteryl group means a compound comprising cholesterol or cholesterolderivative(s).

As used herein, membrane active peptides are surface active, amphipathicpeptides that are able to induce one or more of the following effectsupon a biological membrane: an alteration or disruption of the membranethat allows non-membrane permeable molecules to enter a cell or crossthe membrane, pore formation in the membrane, fission of membranes, ordisruption or dissolving of the membrane. As used herein, a membrane, orcell membrane, comprises a lipid bilayer. The alteration or disruptionof the membrane can be functionally defined by the peptide's activity inat least one the following assays: red blood cell lysis (hemolysis),liposome leakage, liposome fusion, cell fusion, cell lysis, andendosomal release. Membrane active peptides that can cause lysis of cellmembranes are also termed membrane lytic peptides. Peptides thatpreferentially cause disruption of endosomes or lysosomes over plasmamembranes are considered endosomolytic. The effect of membrane activepeptides on a cell membrane may be transient. Membrane active peptidespossess affinity for the membrane and cause a denaturation ordeformation of bilayer structures.

The term polynucleotide, or nucleic acid or polynucleic acid, is a termof art that refers to a polymer containing at least two nucleotides.Nucleotides are the monomeric units of polynucleotide polymers.Polynucleotides with less than 120 monomeric units are often calledoligonucleotides. Natural nucleic acids have a deoxyribose- orribose-phosphate backbone. A non-natural or synthetic polynucleotide isa polynucleotide that is polymerized in vitro or in a cell free systemand contains the same or similar bases but may contain a backbone of atype other than the natural ribose or deoxyribose-phosphate backbone.Polynucleotides can be synthesized using any known technique in the art.Polynucleotide backbones known in the art include: PNAs (peptide nucleicacids), phosphorothioates, phosphorodiamidates, morpholinos, and othervariants of the phosphate backbone of native nucleic acids. Basesinclude purines and pyrimidines, which further include the naturalcompounds adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, inosine, andnatural analogs. Synthetic derivatives of purines and pyrimidinesinclude, but are not limited to, modifications which place new reactivegroups on the nucleotide such as, but not limited to, amines, alcohols,thiols, carboxylates, and alkylhalides. The term base encompasses any ofthe known base analogs of DNA and RNA. A polynucleotide may containribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, synthetic nucleotides, or anysuitable combination. Polynucleotides may be polymerized in vitro, theymay be recombinant, contain chimeric sequences, or derivatives of thesegroups. A polynucleotide may include a terminal cap group at the 5′-end,the 3′-end, or both the 5′ and 3′ ends. The cap group can be, but is notlimited to, an inverted deoxy abasic group, an inverted deoxy thymidine,a thymidine, or 3′ glyceryl modification.

An RNA interference (RNAi) trigger is a molecule capable of inducing RNAinterference through interaction with the RNA interference pathwaymachinery of mammalian cells to degrade or inhibit translation ofmessenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts of a transgene in a sequence specificmanner. Two primary HBV RNAi triggers are small (or short) interferingRNAs (siRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs). HBV RNAi triggers may be selectedfrom the group comprising: siRNA, microRNA, double-strand RNA (dsRNA),short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and expression cassettes encoding RNA capableof inducing RNA interference. RNAi triggers comprise a double strandedstructure typically containing 15-50 base pairs. In some embodiments,RNAi triggers comprise a double strand structure having 17-26 base pairsand having a nucleotide sequence identical (perfectly complementary) ornearly identical (partially complementary) to a coding sequence in anexpressed target gene or RNA within the cell. An RNAi trigger may havedinucleotide 3′ overhangs. An RNAi trigger may be composed of twoannealed polynucleotides or a single polynucleotide that forms a hairpinstructure. An RNAi trigger comprises a sense region and an antisenseregion. In some embodiments, an RNAi trigger is assembled from twooligonucleotide fragments wherein one fragment comprises the nucleotidesequence of the antisense strand of the RNAi trigger and a secondfragment comprises nucleotide sequence of the sense region of the RNAitrigger. In some embodiments, the sense strand is connected to theantisense strand via a linker molecule, such as a polynucleotide linkeror a non-nucleotide linker. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAgene products about 22 nucleotides long that direct destruction ortranslational repression of their mRNA targets. If the complementaritybetween the miRNA and the target mRNA is partial, translation of thetarget mRNA is repressed. If complementarity is extensive, the targetmRNA is cleaved. For miRNAs, the complex binds to target sites usuallylocated in the 3′ UTR of mRNAs that typically share only partialhomology with the miRNA. A “seed region”—a stretch of about seven (7)consecutive nucleotides on the 5′ end of the miRNA that forms perfectbase pairing with its target—plays a key role in miRNA specificity.Binding of the RISC/miRNA complex to the mRNA can lead to either therepression of protein translation or cleavage and degradation of themRNA. Recent data indicate that mRNA cleavage happens preferentially ifthere is perfect homology along the whole length of the miRNA and itstarget instead of showing perfect base-pairing only in the seed region(Pillai et al. 2007).

An HBV RNAi trigger can be chemically modified. Non-limiting examples ofsuch chemical modifications include: phosphorothioate internucleotidelinkages, 2′-O-methyl ribonucleotides, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluororibonucleotides, 2′-deoxy ribonucleotides, “universal base” nucleotides,5-C-methyl nucleotides, and inverted deoxyabasic residue incorporation.These chemical modifications, when used in various polynucleotideconstructs, are shown to preserve polynucleotide activity in cells whileat the same time increasing the serum stability of these compounds.Chemically modified RNAi trigger can also minimize the possibility ofactivating interferon activity in humans.

The term complementarity refers to the ability of a polynucleotide toform hydrogen bond(s) with another polynucleotide sequence by eithertraditional Watson-Crick or other non-traditional types. In reference tothe polynucleotide molecules, the binding free energy for apolynucleotide molecule with its target (effector binding site) orcomplementary sequence is sufficient to allow the relevant function ofthe polynucleotide to proceed, e.g., enzymatic mRNA cleavage ortranslation inhibition. Determination of binding free energies fornucleic acid molecules is well known in the art (Frier et al. 1986,Turner et al. 1987). A percent complementarity indicates the percentageof bases, in a contiguous strand, in a first polynucleotide moleculewhich can form hydrogen bonds (e.g., Watson-Crick base pairing) with asecond polynucleotide sequence (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 out of 10 being50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% complementary). Perfectlycomplementary means that all the bases in a contiguous strand of apolynucleotide sequence will hydrogen bond with the same number ofcontiguous bases in a second polynucleotide sequence.

By inhibit, down-regulate, or knockdown gene expression, it is meantthat the expression of the gene, as measured by the level of RNAtranscribed from the gene or the level of polypeptide, protein orprotein subunit translated from the RNA, is reduced below that observedin the absence of the blocking polynucleotide-conjugates. In someembodiments, inhibition, down-regulation, or knockdown of geneexpression, with a polynucleotide delivered by the describedcompositions, is below the level observed in the presence of a controlinactive nucleic acid, a nucleic acid with scrambled sequence or withinactivating mismatches, or in absence of conjugation of thepolynucleotide to the masked polymer.

In Vivo Administration

In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path bywhich a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is brought into contactwith the body. In general, methods of administering drugs and nucleicacids for treatment of a mammal are well known in the art and can beapplied to administration of the described compositions. In someembodiments, the described compositions can be administered via anysuitable route, such as, but not limited to, parenterally, in apreparation appropriately tailored to that route. Thus, in someembodiments, the described compositions can be administered byinjection, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly,intracutaneously, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally. In someembodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or excipient are described.

Parenteral routes of administration include intravascular (intravenous,intraarterial), intramuscular, intraparenchymal, intradermal, subdermal,subcutaneous, intratumor, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, subdural,epidural, and intralymphatic injections that use a syringe and a needleor catheter. Intravascular herein means within a tubular structurecalled a vessel that is connected to a tissue or organ within the body.Within the cavity of the tubular structure, a bodily fluid flows to orfrom the body part. Examples of bodily fluid include blood,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), lymphatic fluid, or bile. Examples of vesselsinclude arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, sinusoids, veins,lymphatics, bile ducts, and ducts of the salivary or other exocrineglands. The intravascular route includes delivery through the bloodvessels such as an artery or a vein. The blood circulatory systemprovides systemic spread of the pharmaceutical.

In some embodiments, an HBV RNAi trigger-targeting group conjugate isco-administered with a delivery peptide. By co-administered it is meantthat the HBV RNAi trigger and the delivery peptide are administered tothe mammal such that both are present in the mammal at the same time.The HBV RNAi trigger-targeting group conjugate and the delivery peptidemay be administered simultaneously or they may be deliveredsequentially. For simultaneous administration, they may be mixed priorto administration. For sequential administration, either the HBV RNAitrigger-targeting group conjugate or the delivery peptide may beadministered first.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

In some embodiments, at least one of the described HBV RNAi triggers isused in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition (i.e.,medicament) for treatment of a subject that would benefit from reductionor inhibition in HBV expression. These pharmaceutical compositions areuseful in the inhibition of the expression of the HBV gene in a cell, atissue, or an organism. In some embodiments, the describedpharmaceutical compositions are used to treat a subject having a diseaseor disorder that would benefit from reduction or inhibition in HBVexpression.

As used herein, a pharmaceutical composition or medicament comprises apharmacologically effective amount of at least one of the described HBVRNAi triggers and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients (excipients) are substances otherthan the Active Pharmaceutical ingredient (API, therapeutic product,e.g., RNAi trigger) that have been appropriately evaluated for safetyand are intentionally included in the drug delivery system. Excipientsdo not exert or are not intended to exert a therapeutic effect at theintended dosage. Excipients may act to a) aid in processing of the drugdelivery system during manufacture, b) protect, support or enhancestability, bioavailability or patient acceptability of the API, c)assist in product identification, and/or d) enhance any other attributeof the overall safety, effectiveness, of delivery of the API duringstorage or use. A pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may or may notbe an inert substance.

Excipients include, but are not limited to: absorption enhancers,anti-adherents, anti-foaming agents, anti-oxidants, binders, binders,buffering agents, carriers, coating agents, colors, delivery enhancers,dextran, dextrose, diluents, disintegrants, emulsifiers, extenders,fillers, flavors, glidants, humectants, lubricants, oils, polymers,preservatives, saline, salts, solvents, sugars, suspending agents,sustained release matrices, sweeteners, thickening agents, tonicityagents, vehicles, water-repelling agents, and wetting agents.

A pharmaceutical composition can contain other additional componentscommonly found in pharmaceutical compositions. Such additionalcomponents include, but are not limited to: anti-pruritics, astringents,local anesthetics, or anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., antihistamine,diphenhydramine, etc.). It is also envisioned that cells, tissues orisolated organs that express or comprise the herein defined RNAitriggers may be used as “pharmaceutical compositions”. As used herein,“pharmacologically effective amount,” “therapeutically effectiveamount,” or simply “effective amount” refers to that amount of an RNAitrigger to produce the intended pharmacological, therapeutic orpreventive result.

In some embodiments, a described HBV RNAi trigger is combined one ormore additional therapeutics or treatments including, but not limitedto: a second HBV RNAi trigger or other RNAi agent, a small moleculedrug, an antibody, an antibody fragment, and/or a vaccine.

The described HBV RNAi triggers and pharmaceutical compositionscomprising HBV RNAi triggers disclosed herein may be packaged orincluded in a kit, container, pack, or dispenser. The HBV RNAi triggersand pharmaceutical compositions comprising said HBV RNAi triggers may bepackaged in pre-filled syringes or vials.

Method of Treatment

In some embodiments, the HBV RNAi triggers described herein are used totreat a subject infected with HBV. In some embodiments, the describedHBV RNAi triggers are used to treat at least one symptom in a subjecthaving a HBV infection. The subject is administered a therapeuticallyeffective amount of any one or more of the described RNAi triggers.

In some embodiments, the HBV RNAi triggers are used to treat or manage aclinical presentation wherein a subject infected with HBV. The subjectis administered a therapeutically or effective amount of one or more ofthe HBV RNAi triggers or HBV RNAi trigger-containing compositionsdescribed herein. In some embodiments, the method comprisesadministering a composition comprising an HBV RNAi trigger moleculedescribed herein to a subject to be treated.

As used herein, the terms “silence,” “reduce,” “inhibit,”“down-regulate,” or “knockdown gene expression,” when referring to anHBV gene, mean that the expression of the gene, as measured by the levelof RNA transcribed from the gene or the level of polypeptide, protein,or protein subunit translated from the mRNA in a cell, group of cells,or tissue, in which the HBV gene is transcribed, is reduced when thecell, group of cells, or tissue, is treated with the described HBV RNAitriggers as compared to a second cell, group of cells, or tissue thathas or has not been so treated or compared to the same cell, group ofcells, or tissue, prior to administration of the HBV RNAi trigger.

In some embodiments, the gene expression level and/or mRNA level of anHBV gene in a subject to whom a described HBV RNAi trigger isadministered is reduced by at least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%,35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%relative to the subject prior to being administered the HBV RNAi triggeror to a subject not receiving the HBV RNAi trigger. The gene expressionlevel and/or mRNA level in the subject may be reduced in a cell, groupof cells, and/or tissue of the subject.

In some embodiments, the protein level of HBV in a subject to whom adescribed HBV RNAi trigger has been administered is reduced by at leastabout 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%,70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98% relative to the subject prior tobeing administered the HBV RNAi trigger or to a subject not receivingthe HBV RNAi trigger. The protein level in the subject may be reduced ina cell, group of cells, tissue, blood, and/or other fluid of thesubject. A reduction in gene expression, mRNA, or protein levels can beassessed by any methods known in the art. Reduction or decrease in HBVmRNA level and/or protein level are collectively referred to herein as areduction or decrease in HBV or inhibiting or reducing the expression ofHBV.

“Introducing into a cell”, when referring to an RNAi trigger, meansfunctionally delivering the RNAi trigger into a cell. By functionaldelivery, it is meant that the RNAi trigger is delivered to the cell andhas the expected biological activity, (e.g., sequence-specificinhibition of gene expression).

The route of administration is the path by which an RNAi trigger isbrought into contact with the body. In general, methods of administeringdrugs and nucleic acids for treatment of a subject are well known in theart and can be applied to administration of the compositions describedherein. The compounds described herein can be administered via anysuitable route in a preparation appropriately tailored to the particularroute. Thus, the compounds described herein can be administered byinjection, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly,intracutaneously, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally.

EXAMPLES Example 1. MLP Synthesis

All MLPs were made using peptide synthesis techniques standard in theart. Suitable MLPs can be all L-form amino acids, all D-form amino acids(inverso). Independently of L or D form, the MLP sequence can bereversed (retro).

Example 2. Amino Terminal Modification of MLPs

Solutions of CKLK-MLP (20 mg/ml), TCEP-HCl (28.7 mg/ml, 100 mM), andMES-Na (21.7 mg/ml, 100 mM) were prepared in dH₂O. In a 20 mlscintillation vial, CKLK-MLP (0.030 mmol, 5 ml) was reacted with 1.7molar equivalents TCEP-HCl (0.051 mmol, 0.51 ml) and left to stir atroom temperature for 30 min. MES-Na (2 ml) and Water (1.88 ml) were thenadded in amounts to yield final concentrations of 10 mg/ml MLP and 20 mMMES-Na. The pH was checked and adjusted to pH 6.5-7. A solution ofNAG-PEG₂-Br (100 mg/ml) was prepared in dH₂O. NAG-PEG₂-Br (4.75 eq,0.142 mmol, 0.61 ml) was added, and the solution was left to stir atroom temperature for 48 h.

Alternatively, in a 20 ml scintillation vial, Cys-MLP (0.006 mmol, 1 ml)was reacted with 1.7 molar equivalents TCEP-HCl (0.010 mmol, 100 μl) andleft to stir at room temperature for 30 min. MES-Na (400 μl) and water(390 μl) were added in amounts to yield final concentrations of 10 mg/mlMLP and 20 mM MES-Na. The pH was checked and adjusted to pH 6.5-7. Asolution of NAG-PEG₈-Maleimide (100 mg/ml) was prepared in dH₂O.NAG-PEG₈-Maleimide (2 eq, 0.012 mmol, 110 μl) was added, and thesolution was left to stir at room temperature for 48 h.

Samples were purified on a Luna 10μ C18 100 Å 21.2×250 mm column. BufferA: H₂O 0.1% TFA and Buffer B: MeCN, 10% Isopropyl Alcohol, 0.1% TFA.Flow rate of 15 ml/min, 35% A to 62.5% B in 20 min.

Other amino terminal modifications were made using similar means.Carboxyl terminal modifications were made substituting MLPs havingcarboxyl terminal cysteines for MLPs having amino terminal cysteines.

Compounds used to modified Cys-MLP or MLP-Cys:

-   -   n is an integer from 1 to 120 (PEG molecular weight up to about        5 kDa)

Peptides having acetyl, dimethyl, stearoyl, myristoyl, and PEG amino orcarboxyl terminal modifications, but not terminal cysteine residues,were generated on resin during peptide synthesis using methods typicalin the art.

Example 3. Masking Agents Synthesis

A. pH labile masking agents: Steric stabilizer CDM-PEG and targetinggroup CDM-NAG (N-acetyl galactosamine) syntheses. To a solution of CDM(300 mg, 0.16 mmol) in 50 mL methylene chloride was added oxalylchloride (2 g, 10 wt. eq.) and dimethylformamide (5 μl). The reactionwas allowed to proceed overnight, after which the excess oxalyl chlorideand methylene chloride were removed by rotary evaporation to yield theCDM acid chloride. The acid chloride was dissolved in 1 mL of methylenechloride. To this solution was added 1.1 molar equivalents polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether (MW average 550) for CDM-PEG or(aminoethoxy)ethoxy-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside (i.e.amino bisethoxyl-ethyl NAG) for CDM-NAG, and pyridine (200 μl, 1.5 eq)in 10 mL of methylene chloride. The solution was then stirred 1.5 h. Thesolvent was then removed and the resulting solid was dissolved into 5 mLof water and purified using reverse-phase HPLC using a 0.1% TFAwater/acetonitrile gradient.

Generic Disubstituted Maleic Anhydride Masking Agent

R1 comprises a neutral ASGPr ligand. In some embodiments, the MaskingAgent in uncharged.

R is a methyl or ethyl, and n is an integer from 2 to 100. In someembodiments, the PEG contains from 5 to 20 ethylene units (n is aninteger from 5 to 20). In some embodiments, the PEG contains 10-14ethylene units (n is an integer from 10 to 14). The PEG may be ofvariable length and have a mean length of 5-20 or 10-14 ethylene units.Alternatively, the PEG may be monodisperse, uniform or discrete; having,for example, exactly 11 or 13 ethylene units.

n is an integer from 1 to 10. As shown above, a PEG spacer may bepositioned between the anhydride group and the ASGPr ligand. In someembodiments, a PEG spacer contains 1-10 ethylene units.

Alternatively an alkyl spacer may be used between the anhydride and theN-acetylgalactosamine.

n is a integer from 0 to 6.

Other spacers or linkers may be used bet between the anhydride and theN-acetyl-galactosamine. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic spacer orlinker is used. In some embodiments, a neutral spacer or linker is used.

Example 4. Reversible Modification/Masking of MLP

A. Modification with maleic anhydride-based masking agents. Prior tomodification, 5×mg of disubstituted maleic anhydride masking agent (e.g.CDM-NAG) was lyophilized from a 0.1% aqueous solution of glacial aceticacid. To the dried disubstituted maleic anhydride masking agent wasadded a solution of ×mg MLP in 0.2×mL of isotonic glucose and 10×mg ofHEPES free base. Following complete dissolution of anhydride, thesolution was incubated for at least 30 min at RT prior to animaladministration. Reaction of disubstituted maleic anhydride masking agentwith the peptide yielded:

wherein R is MLP and R1 comprises a ASGPr ligand (e.g. NAG). Theanhydride carboxyl produced in the reaction between the anhydride andthe polymer amine exhibits ˜ 1/20th of the expected charge (Rozema etal. Bioconjugate Chemistry 2003). Therefore, the membrane active polymeris effectively neutralized rather than being converted to a highlynegatively charged polyanion.

In some embodiments, the masked MLP (MLP-(CDM-NAG)) was in a solutioncontaining 125 mg MLP, 500 mg dextran 1K, 3.18 mg sodium carbonate, 588mg sodium bicarbonate in 5 ml water. In some embodiments, theMLP-(CDM-NAG) was lyophilized.

B. Modification with protease cleavable masking agents. 1×mg of peptideand 10×mg HEPES base at 1-10 mg/mL peptide was masked by addition of2-6×mg of amine-reactive p-nitrophenyl carbonate or N-hydroxysuccinimidecarbonate derivatives of the NAG-containing protease cleavablesubstrate. The solution was then incubated at least 1 h at roomtemperature (RT) before injection into animals.

Example 5. HBV RNAi Trigger-Targeting Molecule Conjugates

(1) RNAi trigger conjugation to alkyl groups. A 5′-C10-NHS estermodified sense strand of RNAi trigger (NHSC10-RNAi trigger, or COC9-RNAitrigger) was prepared employing 5′-Carboxy-Modifier C10 amidite fromGlen Research (Virginia, USA). The activated RNA, still attached to thesolid support was used for conjugation with lipophilic amines listed inTable 1 below. 100 mg of the sense strand CPG (loading 60 μmol/g, 0.6μmol RNA) were mixed with 0.25 mmol of the corresponding amine obtainedfrom, Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany) or Fluka(Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland).

TABLE 4 Lipophilic amines used in forming hydrophobic group-RNAi triggerconjugates Nr Lipophilic Amine mg mmol solvent 2 N-Hexylamine 25 0.25 1mL CH₂Cl₂ 3 Dodecylamine 50 0.25 0.55 mL CH₃CN, 0.45 mL CH₂Cl₂ 4Octadecylamine 67 0.25 1 mL CH₂Cl₂ 5 Didecylamine 74 0.25 1 mL CH₂Cl₂ 6Didodecylamine 88 0.25 1 mL CH₂Cl₂ 7 Dioctadecylamine 67 0.12 0.45 mLCH₂Cl₂, 0.45 mL Cyclohexan

The mixture was shaken for 18 h at 40° C. The RNA was cleaved from thesolid support and deprotected with an aqueous ammonium hydroxidesolution (NH₃, 33%) at 45° C. overnight. The 2′-protecting group wasremoved with TEA×3HF at 65° C. for 3.5 h. The crude oligoribonucleotideswere purified by RP-HPLC (Resource RPC 3 ml, buffer: A: 100 mM TEAA inwater, B: 100 mM TEAA in 95% CH₃CN, gradient: 3% B to 70% B in 15 CV,except for Nr 7: gradient from 3% B to 100% B in 15 CV).

To generate RNAi trigger from RNA single strands, equimolar amounts ofcomplementary sense and antisense strands were mixed in annealing buffer(20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8; 100 mM sodium chloride), heated at 80°C. for 3 min, and cooled to RT over a period of 3-4 h. The RNAitriggers, which are directed against factor VII mRNA were characterizedby gel electrophoresis.

(2) HBV RNAi trigger conjugation to cholesterol—HBV RNAitrigger-cholesterol conjugates were synthesized using methods standardin the art. Cholesterol can be attached to the 5′ or 3′ termini of thesense or antisense strand of the trigger. In some embodiments,attachment is to the 5′ end of the sense strand of the trigger.Trigger-Cholesterol can also be made post trigger synthesis using RNAstrands containing a reactive group (e.g. thiol, amine, or carboxyl)using methods standard in the art.

Example 6. Administration of HBV RNAi Triggers in Vivo, and Delivery toHepatocytes

RNAi triggers and masked MLPs were synthesized as described above. Sixto eight week old mice (strain C57BL/6 or ICR, ˜18-20 g each) wereobtained from Harlan Sprague Dawley (Indianapolis Ind.). Mice werehoused at least 2 days prior to injection. Feeding was performed adlibitum with Harlan Teklad Rodent Diet (Harlan, Madison Wis.). Mice wereinjected with 0.2 mL solution of delivery peptide and 0.2 mL RNAitrigger conjugates into the tail vein. For simultaneous injection ofdelivery peptide and RNAi trigger, the RNAi trigger-conjugate was addedto modified peptide prior to injection and the entire amount wasinjected. The composition was soluble and nonaggregating inphysiological conditions. Solutions were injected by infusion into thetail vein. Injection into other vessels, e.g. retro-orbital injection,are predicted to be equally effective.

MLPs having the indicated sequence were reversibly modified with CDM-NAG(5×) as described above. The indicated amount of MLP was thenco-injected with the indicated amount of ApoB RNAi trigger-cholesterolconjugate. Effect on ApoB levels were determined as described above.

TABLE 5 Inhibition of ApoB activity in normal liver cells in micetreated with ApoB-RNAi trigger cholesterol conjugate and the indicatedCDM-NAG reversibly inhibited MLP. μg ApoB percent MLP μg RNAi ApoB SEQID NO peptide Trigger knockdown 645 100 100 88 646 100 100 37 647 100 5094 648 400 100 78 649 50 100 34 650 (D-form) 50 100 93 651 100 100 96652 100 100 91 653 200 200 96 654 100 50 95 654 200 200 94 (C-term NH₂)656 80 100 58 657 80 100 51 658 50 100 34 659 80 100 32 660 400 100 83661 100 100 89 662 100 100 92 663 100 100 97 664 100 50 81 665 400 10093 667 100 100 95 668 100 100 93 671 100 100 95 672 100 100 42 673 100100 87 674 100 100 77 675 100 100 93 678 100 100 14 681 100 100 88 68250 100 32 683 50 100 38 686 400 100 96 687 100 100 99 688 100 100 24 689100 100 87 690 100 100 78 693 400 100 72 694 100 100 89 695 100 100 84696 100 100 91 699 300 100 72 700 150 100 91 701 100 200 90 702 50 10085 705 400 100 83 706 400 100 82 707 400 50 89 708 100 100 97 709 100100 79 710 400 100 96 711 400 100 96 712 100 100 79 714 400 100 69 715400 100 69 716 400 100 92 717 400 100 56 718 400 100 50 733 400 200 85735 400 200 55

Example 7. Reduction in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Vivo FollowingDelivery of HBV RNAi Triggers with MLP Delivery Peptide

A) pHBV model mice: At day −42, 6 to 8 week old femaleNOD.CB17-Prkdscid/NcrCrl (NOD-SCID) mice were transiently transfected invivo with MC-HBV1.3 by hydrodynamic tail vein injection (Yang P L et al.“Hydrodynamic injection of viral DNA: a mouse model of acute hepatitis Bvirus infection.” PNAS USA 2002 Vol. 99: p. 13825-13830). MC-HBV1.3 is aplasmid-derived minicircle that contains the same terminally redundanthuman hepatitis B virus sequence HBV1.3 as in the HBV1.3.32 transgenicmice (GenBank accession # V01460) (Guidotti L G et al. “High-levelhepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. J Virol 1995 Vol. 69,p 6158-6169). 10 μg MC-HBV1.3 in Ringer's Solution in a total volume of10% of the animal's body weight was injected into mice via tail vein tocreate pHBV model of chronic HBV infection. The solution was injectedthrough a 27-gauge needle in 5-7 seconds as previously described (ZhangG et al. “High levels of foreign gene expression in hepatocytes aftertail vein injection of naked plasmid DNA.” Human Gene Therapy 1999 Vol.10, p 1735-1737). At day −21, three weeks post transfection, Hepatitis Bsurface antigen (HBsAg) HBsAg expression levels in serum were measuredby ELISA and the mice were grouped according to average HBsAg expressionlevels.

B) HBV RNAi triggers:

Structure of the Cholesterol-C6-RNAi trigger:

AD00009 and AD00010 were synthesized, purified, hydridized (sense andanti-sense strands), and combined at a 1:1 molar ratio. The combinedRNAi triggers were used for all subsequent procedures.

Hepatitis B Virus RNAi triggers are described in U.S. Patent PublicationUS 2013-0005793 (U.S. Pat. No. 8,809,293), which is incorporated hereinby reference.

C) MLP delivery peptide: CDM-NAG was added to MLP, SEQ ID NO: 650 (G1LMLP, L-form), in a 250 mM HEPES-buffered aqueous solution at a 5:1 (w/w)ratio at room temperature and incubated for 30 min to yield MLP deliverypeptide. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 9.0 with 4 M NaOH. Theextent of the reaction was assayed using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonicacid and determined to be >95%. MLP delivery peptide was purified bytangential flow in 10 mM bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.0, to which 10%dextran (w/w) was added. The final purified material was lyophilized.

D) Formation of HBV RNAi trigger delivery composition: 5 mg lyophilizedMLP delivery peptide was resuspended with 1 mL water. MLP deliverypeptide was then combined with HBV RNAi triggers at a 1:1 ratio (w/w)(˜5.49:1 molar ratio). Isotonic glucose was added as necessary to bringthe volume of each injection to 200 μl.

In some embodiments, the HBV RNAi triggers were at a concentration of 26g/L in a solution that also contained 0.069 g/L sodium phosphatemonobasic monohydrate and 0.071 g/L sodium phosphate dibasicheptahydrate.

In some embodiments, a 4.8 ml injected solution contained 25.0 g/L HBVRNAi triggers, 25.0 g/LMLP-(CDM-NAG), 0.066 g/L sodium phosphatemonobasic monohydrate, 0.068 g/L sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate,0.1 g/L dextran 1K, 0.318 g/L sodium carbonate and 0.588 g/L sodiumbicarbonate.

E) RNAi trigger delivery: At day 1, each mouse was then given a singleIV administration via tail vein of 200 μl containing 2, 4, or 8 mg/kgMLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers, isotonic glucose, or 8 mg/kg MLPdelivery peptide.

F) Analyses: At various times, before and after administration of MLPdelivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers, isotonic glucose, or MLP deliverypeptide alone, serum HBsAg, serum HBV DNA, or liver HBV RNA weremeasured. HBV expression levels were normalized to control mice injectedwith isotonic glucose.

i) Serum collection: Mice were anesthetized with 2-3% isoflurane andblood samples were collected from the submandibular area into serumseparation tubes (Sarstedt AG & Co., Nümbrecht, Germany). Blood wasallowed to coagulate at ambient temperature for 20 min. The tubes werecentrifuged at 8,000×g for 3 min to separate the serum and stored at 4°C.

ii) Serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels: Serum wascollected and diluted 10 to 2000-fold in PBS containing 5% nonfat drymilk. Secondary HBsAg standards diluted in the nonfat milk solution wereprepared from serum of ICR mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley) that had beentransfected with 10 μg HBsAg-expressing plasmid pRc/CMV-HBs (Aldevron,Fargo, N. Dak.). HBsAg levels were determined with a GS HBsAg EIA 3.0kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Redmond, Wash.) as described by themanufacturer. Recombinant HBsAg protein, ayw subtype, also diluted innonfat milk in PBS, was used as a primary standard (Aldevron).

HBsAg expression for each animal was normalized to the control group ofmice injected with isotonic glucose in order to account for thenon-treatment related decline in expression of MC-HBV1.3. First, theHBsAg level for each animal at a time point was divided by thepre-treatment level of expression in that animal (Day −1) in order todetermine the ratio of expression “normalized to pre-treatment”.Expression at a specific time point was then normalized to the controlgroup by dividing the “normalized to pre-treatment” ratio for anindividual animal by the average “normalized to pre-treatment” ratio ofall mice in the isotonic glucose control group.

iii) Serum HBV DNA levels: Equal volumes of serum from mice in a groupwere pooled to a final volume of 100 μL. DNA was isolated from serumsamples using the QIAamp MinElute Virus Spin Kit (Qiagen, Valencia,Calif.) following the manufacturer's instructions. Sterile 0.9% salinewas added to each sample to a final volume of 200 μL. Serum samples wereadded to tubes containing buffer and protease. Carrier RNA was added toaid in the isolation of small amounts of DNA. 1 ng of pHCR/UbC-SEAPplasmid DNA (Wooddell C I, et al. “Long-term RNA interference fromoptimized siRNA expression constructs in adult mice.” Biochem BiophysRes Commun (2005) 334, 117-127) was added as a recovery control. Afterincubating 15 min at 56° C., nucleic acids were precipitated from thelysates with ethanol and the entire solution applied to a column. Afterwashing, the samples were eluted into a volume of 50 μL Buffer AVE.

The number of copies of HBV genomes in DNA isolated from the pHBV mousemodel serum was determined by qPCR. Plasmid pSEAP-HBV353-777, encoding ashort segment of the HBV genome within the S gene (bases 353-777 ofGenBank accession # V01460), was used to create a six log standardcurve. Samples with recovery of DNA below 2 standard deviations from theaverage, based on detection of pHCR/UbC-SEAP were omitted. TaqManchemistry-based primers and probes with fluor/ZEN/IBFQ were utilized.

HBV primers: (SEQ IF NO: 740) 5′-GCCGGACCTGCATGACTA-3′ and(SEQ IF NO: 741) 5′-GGTACAGCAACAGGAGGGATACATA-3′HBV probe: 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled reporter: (SEQ IF NO: 742)5′-FAM/CTGCTCAAGGAACCTC-3′ hHCR (HCR/UbC-SEAP) primers: (SEQ IF NO: 743)5′-CATGCCACCTCCAACATCCACTC-3′ (SEQ IF NO: 744)5-GGCATAGCCACTTACTGACGACTC-3′, hHCR probe (SEQ IF NO: 745)5′-FAM/TTGTCCTGGC/ZEN/GTGGTTTAGGTAGTGTGA/IBFQ-3′

qPCR assays were performed on a 7500 Fast or StepOne Plus Real-Time PCRsystem (Life Technologies). For evaluation of HBV DNA in serum, DNA wasisolated from duplicate purification steps from pooled group serumsamples. Quantitations of HBV DNA and recovery control plasmid weredetermined by qPCR reactions performed in triplicate. The probes toquantitate HBV and pHCR/UbC-SEAP were included in each reaction.

iv) HBV RNA analysis: At various times, mice were euthanized and theliver was excised and placed into a 50-mL conical tube containing 12 mlof TRI Reagent RT (Molecular Research Center, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio).Total RNA was isolated following the manufacturer's recommendation.Briefly, livers in TRI Reagent were homogenized using a Bio-Gen PRO200tissue homogenizer (Pro Scientific, Inc., Oxford, Conn.) forapproximately 30 seconds. 1 ml homogenate was added to 0.2 mlchloroform, mixed, and phases were separated by centrifugation. 0.1 mlof aqueous phase was removed, precipitated with isopropyl alcohol, andcentrifuged. The resultant pellet was washed with 75% ethanol andresuspended in 0.4-0.6 ml nuclease-free water. Total RNA (50-500 ng) wasreverse transcribed using the High Capacity cDNA Reverse TranscriptionKit (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y.). The cDNA was then diluted1:50 and multiplex RT-qPCR was performed using 5′ exonuclease chemistrywith forward primer 5′-GCCGGACCTGCATGACTA-3′ (SEQ IF NO: 746), reverseprimer 5′-GGTACAGCAACAGGAGGGATACATA-3′ (SEQ IF NO: 747), and6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled reporter 5′-CTGCTCAAGGAACCTC-3′ (SEQIF NO: 748) for detection of HBV.

The RT-qPCR probe binds to all HBV RNA except the gene X transcript,which is expressed at nearly undetectable levels. Thus, the probemeasured total HBV RNA. Gene expression assays for HBV, mouse β-actin,and Gene Expression Master Mix (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y.)were utilized. Gene expression data were analyzed using the comparativeC_(T) method of relative quantification (Livak K J et al. “Analysis ofrelative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the2(−Delta Delta C(T))” Method. Methods 2001 Vol. 25, p 402-408).

Total RNA from each animal was reverse transcribed to generate cDNA. ThecDNA was assayed by duplicate qPCR reactions that measured the HBV totalRNA and the endogenous control, mouse β-actin mRNA, in the samereaction.ΔΔC _(T)=(C _(T) _(target) −C _(T) _(control) )_(sample)−(C _(T)_(target) −C _(T) _(control) )_(reference)

Relative Expression=2^(−ΔCr)

Relative Expression of an individual=GEOMEAN of replicates

Low Range and High Range refer to 2^(−Avg.ΔΔC) ^(T) ^(+S.D.ΔC) ^(T) and2^(−Avg.ΔΔC) ^(T) ^(−S.D.ΔC) ^(T) .

v) Quantitation of RNAi trigger in tissues: The levels of total guidestrand, total full-length guide strand, and 5′-phosphorylated fulllength guide strand for HBV RNAi triggers AD00009 and AD00010 in theliver were measured at various times by fluorescent PNA probehybridization and HPLC anion exchange chromatography. The guide strandbecomes 5′-phosphorylated by endogenous cytoplasmic CLP1 kinase (WeitzerS et al “The human RNA kinase hCLp1 is active on 3′ transfer RNA exonsand short interfering RNAs.” Nature 2007 Vol. 447, p 222-227). Afluorescently-labeled, sequence-specific peptide-nucleic acid (PNA)probe that hybridized to the guide strand was added to homogenized livertissue. The probe-guide strand hybrid was analyzed by HPLC anionexchange chromatography that separated the guide strand based on charge.

Tissues were collected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissuesamples were pulverized while frozen. Up to 25 mg frozen powder wassolubilized in 1 mL of diluted Affymetrix Lysis Solution (one partAffymetrix Lysis Solution, two parts nuclease-free water) containing 50μg/ml proteinase K. Samples were sonicated with a micro stick sonicatorand incubated at 65° C. for 30 min. If samples needed further dilution,this was performed before the hybridization step, using the AffymetrixLysis Solution diluted as described above. Serial dilutions of RNAitrigger standards were also prepared in diluted Lysis Solution.

RNAi trigger standard: RD74 sense (SEQ IF NO: 749)(NH₂C₆)CfuGfuAfgGfcAfuAfaAfuUfgGfuAginvdT) anti-sense (SEQ IF NO: 750)pdTAfcCfaAfuUfuAfuGfcCfuAfcAfgdTsdT RNAi trigger standard: RD77 sense(SEQ IF NO: 751) (NH₂C₆)AfcCfuCfuGfcCfuAfaUfcAfuCfuAf(invdT) anti-sense(SEQ IF NO: 752) pdTAfgAfuGfaUfuAfgGfcAfgAfgGfudTsdT

n=2′-O-methyl, Nf=2′-Fluoro, dN=deoxyribose, inv=inverted,s=phosphorothioate bond.

SDS was precipitated from the standards and samples by adding 10 μl of3M KCl to 100 μl of the tissue sample solution. After incubating 10 minon ice, samples were centrifuged for 15 min at 2,700×g. Quantitation ofRNAi trigger was performed with the supernatant.

Sequence-specific peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) probes containing afluorescent Atto 425 label at the N-terminus attached to the PNA chainvia two ethylene glycol linkers (OO=PEG₂; PNA Bio, Thousand Oaks,Calif.) were designed to bind to the antisense strand of each HBV RNAitrigger.

Peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) probes (SEQ IF NO: 753)for AD00009 Atto425-OO-CTGTAGGCATAAATT (SEQ IF NO: 754)for AD00010 Atto425-OO-ACCTCTGCCTAATCA

To 55 μl diluted serum sample was added 143 μL nuclease-free water, 11μl 200 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), and 11 μl 1 μM AD9 or AD10 PNA-probe solutionin 96-well conical-bottom plates. The plate was sealed and incubated at95° C. for 15 min in a thermal cycler. The temperature of the thermalcycler was reduced to 54° C. and samples were incubated for another 15min. After incubation, samples were stored at 4° C. until they wereloaded onto an autosampler for HPLC analysis.

HPLC analysis was carried out using a Shimadzu HPLC system equipped withan LC-20AT pump, SIL-20AC autosampler, RF-10Axl fluorescence detector,and a CTO-20Ac column oven (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia,Md.). The 96-well plate from the hybridization step was loaded onto theautosampler. Injection volumes of 100 μl were made onto a DNAPac PA-1004×250 mm analytical column (# DX043010; Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh,Pa.) with an attached 4×50 mm guard column (# DXSP4016; FisherScientific, Pittsburgh, Pa.). Analysis was carried out at a flow rate of1 ml/min with a column oven temperature of 50° C. A gradient elutionusing mobile phase A (10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7), 100 mM NaCl, 30% (v/v)Acetonitrile) and mobile phase B (10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7), 900 mM NaCl,30% (v/v) Acetonitrile).

Fluorescence detection was set to an excitation of 436 nm and anemission of 484 nm with a medium gain setting of 4. Concentrations ofanalytes eluted in the 7-10 min range were calculated using a 12-pointexternal standard calibration curve. Calibration curves were generatedwith PNA-hybridized full length phosphorylated RNAi trigger RD74 andRD77.

TABLE 6 Gradient and elution times for PNA probe hybridization and HPLCanion exchange chromatography analysis of RNAi trigger in liver. Time(min) % Eluent A % Eluent B Curve 0 80 20 1.00 80 20 Linear 11.00 40 60Linear 11.50 0 100 Linear 13.00 0 100 Linear 14.50 80 20 Linear 23.00 8020 Linear

iv) Clinical chemistry: Clinical chemistry markers in mouse serum weremeasured using a COBAS Integra 400 (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis,Ind.) chemical analyzer according to the manufacturer's instructions.

G) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) knockdown in vivo:

HBV DNA: Maximum HBV DNA knockdown occurred at days 8 and 15 in micetreated with 8 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers. Total HBVDNA in serum was reduced by 294-fold and 345-fold, respectively. On day29, HBV DNA in serum of mice remained 13.5-fold lower than untreatedcontrol mice. Total HBV DNA was reduced 91.8-fold and 6.5-fold on day 8in mice treated with 4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAitriggers, respectively.

HBsAg in serum: Maximum knockdown occurred at days 8 and 15 in micetreated with 8 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers. HBsAg inserum was reduced by 270-fold and 139-fold, respectively. On day 29,HBsAg in serum was 7.3-fold lower than untreated control mice. HBsAg inserum was reduced 71.4-fold and 5.4-fold and on day 8 in mice treatedwith 4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers,respectively.

The duration of effect from a single 8 mg/kg dose was at least 28 days.HBsAg and HBV DNA were reduced by more than 95% through Day 22. HBV DNAand HBsAg levels in serum from mice that were injected with MLP deliverypeptide (without HBV RNAi triggers) remained comparable to levels inmice that received a single injection of isotonic glucose (Table 7).

HBV RNA in liver: Maximum knockdown occurred at day 8 in mice treatedwith 8 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers. Total HBV RNA inliver was reduced by an average of 12.5-fold. On day 29, total HBV RNAin the liver was 3.4-fold lower than the average of the untreatedcontrol group. Total HBV RNA was reduced 5.8-fold and 1.6-fold on day 8in mice treated with 4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAitriggers, respectively (Table 7).

Quantitation of RNAi trigger in tissues: Injection of 8 mg/kg MLPdelivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers into pHBV model mice resulted inapproximately 80 ng/g HBV RNAi triggers in the cytoplasm of hepatocyteson day 8, as evidenced by 5′ phosphorylation of about 40 ng/g eachfull-length AD00009 and AD00010 guide strands. The resultingpharmacodynamic effects on day 8 were 93% knockdown of total HBV RNA andgreater than 99% reduction in HBsAg and HBV DNA in the serum. On day 22,almost all of the guide strand in the liver was 5′ phosphorylated andfull-length (Table 7).

Clinical chemistry: Liver and renal functions were evaluated on day −1(pre-injection) and day 2 (24 hours post-injection). There were no MLPdelivery peptide+HBV RNAi trigger-related changes in clinical chemistrynor was there any evidence of toxicity from either MLP deliverypeptide+HBV RNAi triggers or MLP delivery peptide alone administration.

TABLE 7 Knockdown of HBsAg and HBV RNA and presence of 5′ phosphorylatedRNAi trigger in liver following intravascular administration of MLPdelivery peptide + HBV RNAi triggers in HBV mouse model. MLP delivery 5′phosphorylated peptide + HBV HBsAg HBV RNA RNAi trigger RNAi triggersrelative relative guide strand day (mg/kg) knockdown knockdown (ng/gliver tissue) 8 8 99.6 ± 0.4% 93% 76 15 8 99.3 ± 1.4% 80% 27 22 8 97 ±5% 76% 12 29 8  86 ± 15% 71% 2-15 8 4 99% 83% 28 8 2 82% 36%  7

Example 8. Antiviral Efficacy of RNAi in Chronic HBV Infection inChimpanzee

A single chimpanzee chronically infected with HBV genotype B (chimpanzee4×0139; genotype B; viral load ˜7×10⁹ GE/ml, 51.3-51.5 kg) was given theMLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers (AD00009 and AD00010) by IVinfusion. The viral HBV DNA titer of this animal for 2 years precedingthis trial ranged from 4×10⁹ to 1.3×10¹⁰ Genome Equivalents/ml (baselinevalue for this study). Blood samples was taken at health check (day −7)and again immediately before dosing to serve as the baseline samples(day 1). The health check included physical exam, CBC, and whole bloodchemistries. 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers (20.6 ml of5 mg/ml MLP delivery peptide) was administered at day 1 by IV push over3 minutes. 3 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers (30.9 ml of 5mg/ml MLP delivery peptide) was administered at day 15 by IV push over 3minutes. Blood samples were obtained on days 4, 8, 11, 15, 22, 29, 36,43, 57, 64, 71, 78, and 85. Liver biopsies were obtained three times, athealth check, day 29 and day 57. Animals were sedated for allprocedures. Sedations for bleeds and dosing were accomplished withTelazol™ (2 mg/kg) and xylazine (100 mg) administered intramuscularly asimmobilizing agents. Yohimbine is used as a reversal agent for Xylazineat the end of the procedure.

Assays for serum and liver HBV DNA. HBV DNA levels were determined forserum and liver biopsy samples (baseline and days 29 and 57) using aTaqMan assay targeting the core and X regions. Both assays should detectall genomes. DNA was purified from 100 μl of serum or homogenized livertissue using the Qiagen QiaAmp DNA Mini Kit (cat #51304), according tothe manufacturer's protocol. DNA samples were analyzed by real time PCRusing TaqMan technology with primers and probe designed against the HBVcore gene.

-   -   forward primer, HBV core F 5′ CGAGGCAGGTCCCCTAGAAG 3′ (SEQ ID        NO: 755);    -   reverse primer, HBV core R 5′ TGCGACGCGGYGATTG 3′ (SEQ ID NO:        756);    -   probe, HBV core probe 5′ 6-FAM/AGAACTCCCTCGCCTCGCAGACG-6-TAM 3′        (SEQ ID NO: 757).    -   Liver DNA and RNA was also analyzed with primers and probe        designed against the HBV X gene forward primer, HBV X        F-CCGTCTGTGCCTTCTCATCTG (SEQ ID NO: 758)    -   reverse primer, HBV X R-AGTCCAAGAGTYCTCTTATGYAAGACCTT (SEQ ID        NO: 759)    -   probe, HBV X 5′6-FAM/CCGTGTGCACTTCGCTTCACCTCTGC-6-TAM 3′ (SEQ ID        NO: 760)

A plasmid containing an HBV DNA insert was used to generate a standardcurve for each TaqMan assay ranging from 10 GE to 1 million GE. Sampleswere analyzed in TaqMan assays using an ABI 7500 sequence detector usingthe following cycle parameters: 2 min at 50° C./10 min at 95° C./45cycles of 15 sec at 95° C./1 min at 60° C.

Liver HBV DNA levels were decreased 2.4-fold (core region PCR assay) and2.7-fold (X region PCR assay) below baseline levels on day 29.

Serum HBV DNA levels dropped rapidly after the first dose with a 17-folddecline by day 4. The levels increased between days 8-15 from 18.8 to6.7-fold below baseline. Following the second dose on day 15, a drop inviral DNA was observed, reaching 35.9-fold decline from baseline on day22.

Serum HBsAg and HBeAg analyses. HBsAg levels were determined using anELISA kit from BioRad (GS HBsAg EIA 3.0). Quantification of surfaceantigen was determined by comparing OD to known surface antigenstandards. HBeAg quantification was determined for all bleeds using anELISA kit from DiaSorin (ETI-EBK Plus).

HBsAg levels were markedly reduced, declining from a baseline level of824 μg/ml to 151 μg/ml on day 29. Values had declined significantly byday 4 following the first dose of ARC 520 (18% decrease compared tobaseline values). The values continued to drop through day 15 to 53% ofbaseline (2.1-fold), and reached the maximum decline of 81% (5.2-fold)on day 29.

Serum levels of HBeAg were 136 ng/ml at baseline and dropped to 12.5ng/ml (10.9-fold) by day 4 following the first injection of ARC 520.Levels increased to 46 ng/ml (2.9-fold below baseline) on day 15.Following the second injection, the levels declined again to 28 ng/ml onday 22.

RT-PCR analysis of cytokine and chemokines. The transcript levels forISG15, CXCL11 (I-TAC), CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL9 (Mig), Interferon gamma(IFNγ) and GAPDH were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Briefly, 200 ngof total cell RNA from liver was analyzed by qRT-PCR assay using primersand probe from ABI Assays-on-Demand™ and an ABI 7500 TaqMan sequenceanalyzer (Applied Biosystems/Ambion, Austin, Tex.). The qRT-PCR wasperformed using reagents from the RNA UltraSense™ One-Step QuantitativeRT-PCR System (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif.), and thefollowing cycle settings: 48° C., 30 min; 95° C., 10 min; and 95° C., 15sec; and 60° C., 1 min, the latter two for 45 cycles. Liver biopsieswere immediately placed in RNAlater® Stabilization Reagent and processedas described by the manufacturer and RNA was extracted using RNA-Bee(Tel-Test, Inc Friendswood, Tex.) for total cell RNA. No substantialinduction of these genes was noted.

Luminex analysis of cytokines and chemokines. Monitoring of cytokinesand chemokines was performed using a Luminex 100 with the xMAP(multi-analyte platform) system using a 39-plex human cytokine/chemokinekit (Millipore; Billerica, Mass.). Dilutions of standards for eachcytokine were evaluated in each assay. Dilutions of standards for eachcytokine were evaluated in each run to provide quantification. Thefollowing cytokines/chemokines were evaluated in serum samples using aluminex method: EGF, Eotaxin, FGF-2, Flt-3 Ligand, Fractalkine (CX3CL1),G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO, IFNα2, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13,IL-15, IL-17, IL-1α, IL-1 (3, IL-1 Receptor antagonist, IL-2, IL-3,IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, MCP-1 (CCL2), MCP-3 (CCL7),MDC (CCL22), MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), sCD40L, sIL-2 Receptorantagonist, TGFα, TNFα, TNFβ, VEGF. Similar to the hepatic transcripts,no substantial changes in chemokines and cytokines were observed duringthe therapy.

Clinical pathology. Blood chemistries were determined with a Unicel DxC600 Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc., and Diagnostic Chemicals Ltd,Oxford, Conn., USA). Whole blood chemistries had the followingmeasurements: Na, K, Cl, Ca, CO₂, Phos., ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, DirectBilirubin, Total Bilirubin, Alk Phos, BUN, Creatine, Creatine Kinase,Glucose, Total protein, Albumin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides. Values fromuninfected animals from the same colony were used to establish normalranges. Liver biopsies were taken from the anesthetized animal by astandard procedure. Biopsy material was divided immediately into afraction for histopathology, and DNA and RNA analysis. Sections forhistopathology were processed for fixation in 10% formalin in PBS,paraffin embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Fractions forDNA analysis were snap frozen. Fractions for RNA analysis were placed inRNAlater® Stabilization Reagent.

Immunohistochemical staining of liver. Liver biopsies were fixed inbuffered-formalin, paraffin embedded, and sectioned at 4 microns. Slideswere de-paraffinized in EZ-DeWax (BioGenex; HK 585-5K) 2× for 5 min andrinsed with water. Antigen retrieval was performed in a microwavepressure cooker for 15 min at 1000 Watts and 15 min at 300 Watts incitrate buffer (antigen retrieval solution; BioGenex; HK 086-9K). Cooledslides were rinsed with water and PBS and treated sequentially withperoxidase suppressor, universal block, and avidin (all reagents fromPierce 36000 Immunohisto Peroxidase Detection Kit). Slides wereincubated sequentially for 1 h at room temperature with primary antibodydiluted in universal block containing a biotin block, for 0.5 h withbiotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG, and for 0.5 h with avidin-biotincomplex (ABC). Slides were developed with Immpact Nova Red peroxidasesubstrate (Vector, SK-4805; Burlingame Calif.), counter stained Mayers(Lillie's) hematoxylin (DAKO, S3309), dehydrated and mounted innon-aqueous mounting media (Vector, VectaMount; H-5000). Rabbit anti-HBVcore was prepared from purified core particles expressed in baculovirus.

Most hepatocytes were positive for HBV core antigen with intensestaining of the cytoplasm and some staining of the nucleus. A decline instaining occurred at day 29 that was considered significant.

Example 9. Reduction in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Vivo Transgenic MouseModel Following Delivery of HBV RNAi Triggers Using MLP Delivery Peptide

A) Transgenic HBV model mice: Transgenic HBV1.3.32 mice contain a singlecopy of the terminally redundant, 1.3-genome length human HBV genome ofthe ayw strain (GenBank accession number V01460) integrated into themouse chromosomal DNA. High levels of HBV replication occur in thelivers of these mice (Guidotti L G et al. “High-level hepatitis B virusreplication in transgenic mice.” J Virol 1995 Vol. 69, p 6158-6169).

Mice were selected for the study on the basis of the HBeAg level intheir serum upon weaning. Mice were grouped such that the average HBeAglevels was similar in each group. Student's T-test was used to assurethere were no significant differences between any of the groups relativeto the control siLuc group.

MLP delivery peptide HBV RNAi trigger delivery composition (MLP deliverypeptide+HBV RNAi triggers were prepared as described. AD00009, AD00010,RNAi trigger standard RD74, and RNAi trigger standard RD77 were preparedas described.

siLuc (firefly Luciferase RNAi trigger) sense strand (SEQ ID NO: 761)Chol-uAuCfuUfaCfgCfuGfaGfuAfcUfuCfgAf(invdT) anti-sense (SEQ ID NO: 762)UfsCfgAfaGfuAfcUfcAfgCfgUfaAfgdTsdT

B) HBV RNAi trigger delivery: Female HBV1.3.32 mice, 1.8-7.7 months old,were given a single IV injection into the retro-orbital sinus of 200 μlper 20 g body weight of 3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAitriggers on day 1. Control mice injected with isotonic glucose or 6mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+siLuc.

Serum collection: Mice were briefly anesthetized with 50% CO₂ and bloodsamples were collected from the retro-orbital sinus using heparinizedNatelson micro blood collecting tubes (#02-668-10, Fisher Scientific,Pittsburgh, Pa.). Blood was transferred to microcentrifuge tubes,remaining at ambient temperature for 60-120 min during collection.Samples were then centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 min to separate theserum, which was then stored at −20° C.

C) HBcAg knockdown: A qualitative assessment of HBV core antigen (HBcAg)distribution in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes following MLP deliverypeptide mediated delivery of HBV RNAi triggers was performed byimmunohistochemical staining of liver sections. The presence ofcytoplasmic HBcAg indicates that the protein is being activelyexpressed. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% zinc-buffered formalin,embedded in paraffin, sectioned (3 μm), and stained with hematoxylin(Chisari F V et al. “Expression of hepatitis B virus large envelopepolypeptide inhibits hepatitis B surface antigen secretion in transgenicmice.” J Virol 1986 Vol. 60, p 880-887). The intracellular distributionof HBcAg was assessed by the labeled-avidin-biotin detection procedure(Guidotti L G et al. “Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid particles do notcross the hepatocyte nuclear membrane in transgenic mice.” J Virol 1994Vol. 68, 5469-5475). Paraffin-embedded sections in PBS, pH 7.4, weretreated for 10 min at 37° C. with 3% hydrogen peroxide and washed withPBS. After the sections were blocked with normal goat serum for 30 minat room temperature, rabbit anti-HBcAg (Dako North America, Inc.,Carpinteria, Calif.) primary antiserum was applied at a 1:100 dilutionfor 60 min at 37° C. After a wash with PBS, a secondary antiserumconsisting of biotin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin GF(ab9)2 (Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC., St. Louis, Mo.) was applied at a 1:100dilution for 30 min at 37° C. The antibody coated slides were washedwith PBS, treated with the streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate(ExtrAvidin; Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC., St. Louis, Mo.) at a 1:600 dilutionfor 30 min at 37° C., stained with 3-amino-9-ethyl carbazole (AEC;Shandon-Lipshaw, Pittsburgh, Pa.), and counterstained with Mayer'shematoxylin before being mounted. HBcAg levels and distribution withinthe hepatocytes were visually assessed. Cytoplasmic HBcAg was greatlyreduced relative to nuclear HBcAg at days 15 and 29 following injectionof 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers, indicating knockdownof HBcAg expression.

TABLE 8 Qualitative assessment of HBcAg staining in the nucleus (n)compared to HBcAg staining in the cytoplasm (c). nuclear (n) vs.cytoplasmic (c) Treatment day distribution Isotonic glucose 8 n = c 8 n= c 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + siLuc 8 n = c 6 mg/kg MLP deliverypeptide + 8 n = c HBV RNAi triggers 8 n = c 15 n >> c 15 n >> c 29 n >>c 29 n >> c

D) HBeAg knockdown: The effect of MLP delivery peptide mediated deliveryof HBV RNAi trigger delivery on HBV e antigen (HBeAg) was determined byELISA. Serum was collected from the mice at pre-injection day −1, 6hours post-injection, and on days 3, 8, 15, 22, and 29. HBeAg analysiswas performed with the HBe enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) asdescribed by the manufacturer (Epitope Diagnostics, San Diego, Calif.)using 2 μl of mouse serum. The level of antigen was determined in thelinear range of the assay. The HBeAg levels for each animal and at eachtime point were normalized to the day −1 pre-dose level. The MLPdelivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers treatment groups were separatelycompared to the isotonic glucose group or the siLuc group. PairedT-tests were used to evaluate changes in HBeAg expression from day 3 today 8.

The levels of HBeAg was reduced by 85-88% (7-8 fold) and day 3 andapproximately 71-73% at day 8 for both dose levels. HBeAg remainedreduced ˜66% at day 29 in animals treated with 6 mg/kg melitteindelivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers. These transgenic mice are known toproduce HBeAg in their kidneys. The level of circulating HBeAgoriginating from the kidneys is not known.

TABLE 9 Relative HBeAg expression normalized to day −1 and mean ofcombined control groups on day 3 or day 8 day treatment 3 8 Isotonicglucose 1.09 ± 0.35 0.86 ± 0.09 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + 0.91 ±0.04 1.14 ± 0.21 siLuc 3 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + 0.15 ± 0.05 0.29 ±0.12 HBV RNAi triggers 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + 0.12 ± 0.07 0.27 ±0.17 HBV RNAi triggers

TABLE 10 Relative HBeAg expression normalized to day −1 of each groupday treatment −1 0.25 3 8 15 22 29 Isotonic glucose 1.00 1.37 ± 0.261.75 ± 0.65 1.08 ± 0.14 — — — 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 1.00 1.43 ± 0.09 1.46± 0.07 1.43 ± 0.30 — — — peptide + siLuc 3 mg/kg MLP delivery 1.00 1.01± 0.26 0.24 ± 0.08 0.37 ± 0.16 0.51 ± 0.15 — — peptide + HBV RNAitriggers 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 1.00 0.96 ± 0.25 0.20 ± 0.11 0.34 ± 0.220.32 ± 0.14 0.25 ± 0.13 0.34 ± 0.18 peptide + HBV RNAi triggers

E) HBV RNA knockdown: HBV produces at least 6 mRNA species that are inlength: 3.5 kilobases (kb) (2 types), 2.4 kb, 2.1 kb (2 types) and 0.7kb. One 3.5 kb mRNA that encodes HBeAg. HBeAg is a secreted protein. Theother 3.5 kb mRNA is the pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA), which is translated toproduce the core protein (HBcAg) and the polymerase. The pgRNA isreverse transcribed to generate the virion DNA. HBcAg protein monomersassemble to form the capsid that encloses the virion DNA. The 2.4 kb and2.1 kb mRNAs encode the envelope (S) protein that are also called Santigen (HBsAg). The HBsAg proteins form the envelope around the viralcapsid (Because transgenic HBV1.3.32 mice produce antibodies to thisprotein, HBsAg was not measured). The 0.7 kb mRNA encodes X protein andis usually undetectable in transgenic mice.

After mice were sacrificed, liver tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogenand stored at −70° C. prior to total RNA extraction. RNA was isolatedand levels of the HBV transcripts were evaluated and quantitatedrelative to the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH) by Northern blotting and by quantitative real-timePCR (RT-qPCR).

Northern analysis. RNA (Northern) filter hybridization analyses wereperformed using 10 μg of total cellular RNA. Filters were probed with³²P-labeled HBV (strain ayw) genomic DNA to detect HBV sequences andmouse glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) cDNA to detectthe GAPDH transcript used as an internal control. The radioactivehybridization signals corresponding to the 3.5 kb HBV RNA and the 2.1 kbRNA bands in the Northern blot were normalized to the signalcorresponding to the GAPDH mRNA band from the same animal. The 2.1 kbHBV RNA:GAPDH ratio from each animal was divided by the average of thisratio in the combined controls groups, consisting of 4 mice injectedwith isotonic glucose and 4 mice treated with MLP deliverypeptide+siLuc, to determine treatment-specific changes in the 2.1 kb HBVRNA. The 3.5 kb HBV RNA was analyzed by the same method. In both caseserror is shown as the standard deviation of the ratio. Statisticalsignificance was determined by a Student's two-tailed t-test. Resultsfrom RNA filter hybridization (Northern blot) analyses of total cellularRNA from liver tissue are shown in Table 11. MLP delivery peptide+HBVRNAi triggers treatment reduced viral RNA content in liver. No effectson viral RNA levels in liver were observed in animals receiving isotonicglucose or MLP delivery peptide+siLuc treatments.

TABLE 11 Northern blot analysis of knockdown of 2.1 kb HBV RNA encodingHBsAg following single does MLP delivery peptide + HBV RNAi triggerstreatment in transgenic mice. HBV RNA/ fold % RNA treatment day GAPDHreduction P-value^(a) knockdown ^(b) Isotonic glucose 8 2.79 ± 0.70 6mg/kg MLP delivery 8 2.91 ± 0.20 peptide + siLuc 3 mg/kg MLP delivery 80.527 ± 0.111 5.4 <0.0001 81.5 ± 3.4 peptide + HBV RNAi 15 1.23 ± 0.842.3 0.002 56.7 ± 2.6 triggers 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 0.0487 ± 0.041958.4 <0.0001 98.3 ± 1.3 peptide + HBV RNAi 15 0.0301 ± 0.0159 94.3<0.0001  98.9 ± 0.05 triggers 29 0.324 ± 0.220 8.8 <0.0001 88.6 ± 6.7^(a)Comparison of the mean of the treatment group against the combinedmean of the control groups using a two-tailed unpaired t test. ^(b) HBVRNA levels normalized to combined average of control groups.

TABLE 12 Northern blot analysis of knockdown of 3.5 kb HBV RNA followingsingle does MLP delivery peptide + HBV RNAi triggers treatment intransgenic mice. HBV RNA/ fold treatment day GAPDH P-value^(a) reduction^(b) Isotonic glucose 8 1.72 ± 0.47 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 1.72 ± 0.11peptide + siLuc 3 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 0.949 ± 0.458 0.006 1.8 peptide +HBV RNAi 15 1.11 ± 0.64 0.045 1.6 triggers 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 0.335± 0.226 <0.0001 5.1 peptide + HBV 15 0.795 ± 0.340 0.0009 2.2 RNAitriggers 29 0.969 ± 0.483 0.008 1.8 ^(a)Comparison of the mean of thetreatment group against the combined mean of the control groups using atwo-tailed unpaired t test. ^(b) HBV RNA levels normalized to combinedaverage of control groups.

RT-qPCR analysis. Quantitative PCR following a reverse transcriptionstep (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the level of GAPDH and HBV 3.5 kbtranscripts in HBV1.3.32 mouse liver RNA. After DNase I treatment, 1 μgof RNA was used for cDNA synthesis using the TaqMan reversetranscription reagents (Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y.) followedby qPCR quantification using SYBR Green and an Applied Biosystems 7300Real-Time PCR System. Thermal cycling consisted of an initialdenaturation step for 10 min at 95° C. followed by 40 cycles ofdenaturation (15 sec at 95° C.) and annealing/extension (1 min at 60°C.). The relative HBV 3.5 kb RNA expression levels were estimated usingthe comparative CT (ΔCT) method with normalization to mouse GAPDH RNA.The PCR primers used were 5′-GCCCCTATCCTATCAACACTTCCGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:763)(HBV 3.5 kb RNA sense primer, coordinates 2,311 to 2,335),5′-TTCGTCTGCGAGGCGAGGGA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 764)(HBV 3.5 kb RNA antisenseprimer, coordinates 2401 to 2382), 5′-TCTGGAAAGCTGTGGCGTG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:765)(mouse GAPDH sense primer), and 5′-CCAGTGAGCTTCCCGTTCAG-3′ (SEQ IDNO: 766)(mouse GAPDH antisense primer), respectively.

TABLE 13 RT-qPCT analysis of knockdown of 3.5 kb HBV RNA followingsingle does MLP delivery peptide + HBV RNAi triggers treatment intransgenic mice. HBV RNA/ fold treatment day GAPDH P-value^(a) reduction^(b) Isotonic glucose 8 2.88 ± 2.60 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 2.36 ± 0.69peptide + siLuc 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 0.292 ± 0.280 0.45 8.8 peptide +HBV RNAi 15 0.452 ± 0.285 0.03 5.7 triggers 29 1.98 ± 1.45 0.55 1.3^(a)Comparison of the mean of the treatment group against the combinedmean of the control groups using a two-tailed unpaired t test. ^(b) HBVRNA levels normalized to combined average of control groups.

F) HBV DNA replication intermediate knockdown: After mice weresacrificed, liver tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at−70° C. prior to DNA extraction. DNA was isolated from the liver and theHBV replicative intermediates were evaluated and quantitated relative tothe transgene by Southern blotting. Southern blot analysis of 20 μgHindIII-digested total cellular DNA was performed using a ³²P-labelledHBV (strain ayw) genomic DNA. Relative levels of HBV replicativeintermediates, the relaxed circular DNA (HBV RC DNA) and single-strandedDNA (HBV SS DNA), were normalized to levels of the HBV transgene (HBVtransgene DNA) in the same animal following phosphorimager quantitation.The signal from the combined HBV RC and SS DNA: HBV Tg DNA from eachanimal was divided by the average of this ratio in the combined controlsgroups, consisting of 4 mice injected with isotonic glucose and 4 miceco-injected with MLP delivery peptide and siLuc, to determinetreatment-specific changes in the replicative intermediates. Southernblot analysis indicated that all groups treated with MLP deliverypeptide+HBV RNAi triggers had reduced levels of HBV replicativeintermediates (Tables 14-16). HBV DNA replication intermediates remainedgreatly suppressed for four weeks after a single injection of 6 mg/kgMLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers. Replicative intermediates werereduced 98-99% (64-74 fold) at one and two weeks and 97% (29-fold) atfour weeks.

TABLE 14 HBV replication intermediate levels normalized to a combinedaverage of control groups fold treatment day reduction Isotonic glucose8 0.959 ± 0.495 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + 8 1.042 ± 0.236 siLuc 3mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + 8 0.145 ± 0.029 6.9 HBV RNAi triggers 150.240 ± 0.079 4.2 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide + 8 0.016 ± 0.027 63.5HBV RNAi triggers 15 0.013 ± 0.004 74.1 29 0.034 ± 0.033 29.1

TABLE 15 Ratio of HBV Replication Intermediates/HBV Tg DNA as evaluatedby Southern blot analysis. Ratio HBV Replication Intermediates/treatment day HBV Transgene DNA P-value Isotonic glucose 8 37.3 ± 22.3 6mg/kg MLP delivery 8 40.5 ± 10.6 peptide + siLuc combined average 38.9 3mg/kg MLP delivery 8 5.63 ± 1.29 0.0006 peptide + HBV RNAi 15 9.33 ±3.54 0.001 triggers 6 mg/kg MLP delivery 8 0.61 ± 1.23 0.0003 peptide +HBV RNAi 15 0.52 ± 0.17 0.0003 triggers 29 1.34 ± 1.47 0.0003

G) Quantitation of HBV RNAi trigger in liver: The amounts of HBV RNAitrigger guide strands in the livers of MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAitriggers treated mice were quantitated by hybridization with afluorescent peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe as described. ThePNA-hybridization method allowed quantitation of the total amount ofguide strand, including metabolites of AD00009 and AD00010 (total, totalfull-length, 5′ phosphorylated full-length, and non-phosphorylatedfull-length) per weight of tissue. The presence of full length 5′phosphorylated guide strand indicated efficient delivery of the RNAitrigger to the target cell cytoplasm.

TABLE 16 HBV RNAi trigger guide strand measured in liver homogenates.MLP delivery peptide + AD00009 guide strand HBVRNAi trigger 10 guide HBVRNAi (ng/g tissue) strand (ng/g tissue) triggers 5′ phosph. total full5′ phosph total full day (mg/kg) full length length total full lengthlength total 8 3 3.8 ± 1.4 3.8 ± 1.4 14.8 ± 3.8  0.8 ± 1.3 0.8 ± 1.3 0.8± 1.3 8 6 17.9 ± 8.2  21.3 ± 10.2 76.8 ± 34.1 11.5 ± 6.7  12.6 ± 7.6 18.8 ± 11.4 15 3 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 4.6 ± 1.6 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 3.4 ±2.0 15 6 9.5 ± 2.2 9.5 ± 2.2 35.0 ± 15.7 4.8 ± .09 4.8 ± .09 5.9 ± 1.529 6 0.5 ± 0.8 0.5 ± 0.8 2.3 ± 2.4 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 2.1 ± 2.2

H) Clinical chemistry: Serum for clinical chemistry and cytokineevaluation was collected from each mouse at day −1 prior to injectionand at 6 hr and 48 hr post-injection. Clinical chemistry analysis ofalanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bloodurea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine was measured using a COBAS Integra400 (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind.) chemical analyzer accordingto the manufacturer's instructions. Each assay required 2-23 μL serum,depending on the test. Clinical chemistries from all groups of animalswere compared before and after injection by one-way ANOVA. Bonferroni'sMultiple Comparison Test was used to compare individual group valuesbefore and after injection. There were no increases in ALT, AST, BUN, orcreatinine 48 hr post-injection (FIGS. 3-4). A panel of 25 mousecytokines were evaluated using a MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse Cytokine/ChemokineMagnetic Bead Panel—Premixed 25 Plex—Immunology Multiplex Assay (Catalog# MCYTOMAG-70K-PMX, EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, Mass.):granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophagecolony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ),interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2(IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-9 (IL-9), interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-12 subunit p40 (IL-12p40), interleukin-12 subunitp70 (IL-12p70), interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-15 (IL-15),interleukin-17 (IL-17), interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10),keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), macrophageinflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), macrophage inflammatory protein-2(MIP2), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). A few cytokines wereelevated by the handling procedures, but appeared unrelated to MLPdelivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers treatment.

IL-6 levels were elevated in all groups at 6 h post-injection. Elevationwas higher in mice receiving 3 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAitriggers and highest—8-fold above the upper limit of normal (up to 170pg/ml)—in mice receiving 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers.IL-6 levels returned to normal by day 3, 48 hr after injection.

KC levels were elevated at 6 h, up to 40-fold above the upper limit ofnormal (103 pg/ml), but this elevation was similar in all treatmentgroups.

IP-10 levels were elevated less than 2-fold at 6 h and in some samplesat 48 h. However, elevations were also in the isotonic glucose controlgroup.

MIP2 is normally undetectable in mouse serum, but levels were elevatedafter injection in all groups, primarily at 6 hr.

G-CSF levels, while slightly elevated, 3-4 fold average at 6 hrpost-injection, the group averages remained within normal range.

TNF-α and MCP-1 were elevated in all groups at 6 h, but remained wellbelow the upper limit of normal.

One out of 12 mice injected with 6 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAitriggers had an IL-7 level approximately 3-fold higher than the upperlimit of normal at 6 h: 80 pg/ml.

Evaluation of liver or kidney toxicity showed minimal adverse effects.There were no increases relative to pre-injection in clinical chemistrymarkers for liver or kidney. Elevation of some cytokines was observedpre-dosing and a few cytokines were elevated by handling procedures thatappeared to be unrelated to MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggerstreatment.

Example 10. Reduction in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Vivo FollowingDelivery of HBV RNAi Triggers with MLP Delivery Peptide

pHBV model mice: At day −28, 6 to 8 week old femaleNOD.CB17-Prkdscid/NcrCrl (NOD-SCID) mice were transiently transfected invivo with MC-HBV1.3 by hydrodynamic tail vein injection as described.

MLP delivery peptide: CDM-NAG was added to MLP, SEQ ID NO: 650 (G1L MLP,L-form), in a 250 mM HEPES-buffered aqueous solution at a 5:1 (w/w)ratio at room temperature and incubated for 30 min to yield MLP deliverypeptide. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 9.0 with 4 M NaOH. Theextent of the reaction was assayed using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonicacid and determined to be >95%. MLP delivery peptide was purified bytangential flow in 10 mM bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.0, to which 10%dextran (w/w) was added. The final purified material was lyophilized.

Formulation of HBV RNAi trigger delivery composition: 5 mg lyophilizedMLP delivery peptide was resuspended with 1 mL water. MLP deliverypeptide was then combined with HBV RNAi triggers (AD01385 or AD01386) atthe various dose levels.

RNAi trigger delivery: At Day 1, each mouse was given a single IVadministration via tail vein of 200 μl per 20 gram body weight of salinecontaining MLP delivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers.

Analyses: At various time points, before and after administration of MLPdelivery peptide+HBV RNAi triggers, serum HBsAg and serum HBV DNA weremeasured. The HBsAg level in serum for each animal at a time point wasdivided by the pre-treatment level in that animal in order to determinethe ratio of HBsAg in serum “normalized to pre-treatment”. The HBV DNAlevel in serum for each group at a time point was also divided by thepre-treatment level in that group in order to determine the ratio of HBVDNA in serum “normalized to pre-treatment”. In order to account fornon-treatment related decline in expression of MC-HBV1.3 or pHBV1.3.—the “normalized to pre-treatment” ratio for an individual animal at atime point was then divided by the average “normalized to pre-treatment”ratio of all mice in the saline control group at the same time point toobtain the ratio of HBsAg, or HBV DNA, in serum “normalized topre-treatment and control”.

Serum collection: Mice were anesthetized with 2-3% isoflurane and bloodsamples were collected from the submandibular area into serum separationtubes (Sarstedt AG & Co., Nümbrecht, Germany). Blood was allowed tocoagulate at ambient temperature for 20 min. The tubes were centrifugedat 8,000×g for 3 min to separate the serum and stored at 4° C. SerumHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Serum HBV DNA levels weremeasured as described.

TABLE 17 Summary of serum HBsAg in pHBV mice following co-administrationof 3 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide plus 1.5 mg/kg AD01385, or 1.5 mg/kgAD01386, or 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 + 1.5 mg/kg AD01386. Mean HBsAg in serum(ng/mL) Treatment day −2 day 5 day 8 day 15 day 22 day 29 day 36 Saline6291 ± 2304 6740 ± 3538 5825 ± 2789 3052 ± 1428 3186 ± 1506 3124 ± 15693140 ± 1198 1.5 mg/kg 7218 ± 4071 878 ± 697 1905 ± 1232 2309 ± 1315 2163± 1255 2418 ± 1470 2067 ± 870  AD01385 1.5 mg/kg 6219 ± 5606 125 ± 98 109 ± 120 273 ± 321 738 ± 670 1627 ± 1487 2252 ± 1565 AD01386 1.5 mg/kg7864 ± 7833 139 ± 119 138 ± 103 331 ± 253 1131 ± 1037 2066 ± 2259 2553 ±2154 AD01385 + 1.5 mg/kg AD01386

TABLE 18 Summary of serum HBsAg levels normalized to pre-dose and thesaline control group in pHBV mice following co-administration of 3 mg/kgMLP delivery peptide plus 1.5 mg/kg AD01385, or 1.5 mg/kg AD01386, or1.5 mg/kg AD01385 + 1.5 mg/kg AD01386. HBsAg in serum (mean ± SD)(normalized to pre-dose and saline control group) treatment day −2 day 5day 8 day 15 Saline 1.000 ± 0.000 1.000 ± 0.163 1.000 ± 0.295 1.000 ±0.179 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 1.000 ± 0.000 0.108 ± 0.026 0.282 ± 0.030 0.665± 0.135 1.5 mg/kg AD01386 1.000 ± 0.000 0.021 ± 0.007 0.016 ± 0.0080.078 ± 0.027 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 + 1.000 ± 0.000 0.019 ± 0.006 0.023 ±0.007 0.102 ± 0.018 1.5 mg/kg AD01386 day 22 day 29 day 36 Saline 1.000± 0.127 1.000 ± 0.204 1.000 ± 0.095 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 0.589 ± 0.1090.660 ± 0.175 0.592 ± 0.140 1.5 mg/kg AD01386 0.237 ± 0.041 0.526 ±0.045 0.808 ± 0.151 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 + 0.308 ± 0.051 0.515 ± 0.0770.679 ± 0.103 1.5 mg/kg AD01386

TABLE 19 Serum HBV DNA in pHBV mice following co-administration of 3mg/kg MLP delivery peptide plus 1.5 mg/kg AD01385, or 1.5 mg/kg AD01386,or 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 + 1.5 mg/kg AD01386 Mean HBV DNA in serum(copies/mL) Treatment day −2 day 5 day 8 day 15 day 22 day 29 day 36Saline 2.04 × 10⁸ ± 1.99 × 10⁸ ± 1.87 × 10⁸ ± 1.32 × 10⁸ ± 1.49 × 10⁸ ±1.32 × 10⁸ ± 1.19 × 10⁸ ± 2.06 × 10⁷ 3.41 × 10⁷ 2.81 × 10⁷ 1.32 × 10⁸5.26 × 10⁶ 2.34 × 10⁷ 1.27 × 10⁷ 1.5 mg/kg 2.04 × 10⁸ ± 9.84 × 10⁶ ±1.64 × 10⁷ ± 7.69 × 10⁷ ± 7.60 × 10⁷ ± 7.69 × 10⁷ ± 6.91 × 10⁷ ± AD013851.12 × 10⁷ 5.55 × 10⁵ 2.80 × 10⁶ 7.69 × 10⁷ 6.87 × 10⁶ 8.74 × 106 9.55 ×10⁵ 1.5 mg/kg 2.24 × 10⁸ ± 4.42 × 10⁶ ± 2.37 × 10⁶ ± 1.04 × 10⁸ ± 4.94 ×10⁷ ± 1.04 × 10⁸ ± 9.53 × 10⁷ ± AD01386 1.97 × 10⁷ 1.37 × 10⁵ 1.65 × 10⁵1.04 × 10⁸ 3.57 × 10⁶ 2.69 × 106 1.13 × 10⁷ 1.5 mg/kg 2.30 × 10⁸ ± 4.71× 10⁶ ± 2.41 × 10⁶ ± 1.07 × 10⁸ ± 6.71 × 10⁷ ± 1.07 × 10⁸ ± 1.26 × 10⁸ ±AD01385 + 8.91 × 10⁶ 6.96 × 10⁴ 1.03 × 10⁶ 1.07 × 10⁸ 1.37 × 10⁶ 8.16 ×106 3.24 × 10⁶ 1.5 mg/kg AD01386

TABLE 20 Serum HBV DNA in pHBV mice following co-administration of 3mg/kg MLP delivery peptide plus 1.5 mg/kg AD01385, or 1.5 mg/kg AD01386,or 1.5 mg/kg AD01385 + 1.5 mg/kg AD01386. Mean HBV DNA in serum(normalized to pre-dose and saline control group) Treatment day −2 day 5day 8 day 15 day 22 day 29 day 36 Saline 1.000 ± 0.000 1.000 ± 0.0711.000 ± 0.249 1.000 ± 0.017 1.000 ± 0.066 1.000 ± 0.275 1.000 ± 0.0061.5 mg/kg 1.000 ± 0.000 0.050 ± 0.000 0.087 ± 0.020 0.474 ± 0.029 0.510± 0.074 0.571 ± 0.034 0.582 ± 0.040 AD01385 1.5 mg/kg 1.000 ± 0.0000.020 ± 0.002 0.011 ± 0.002 0.153 ± 0.004 0.303 ± 0.048 0.710 ± 0.0800.728 ± 0.022 AD01386 1.5 mg/kg 1.000 ± 0.000 0.021 ± 0.001 0.011 ±0.005 0.105 ± 0.055 0.399 ± 0.007 0.707 ± 0.026 0.939 ± 0.061 AD01385 +1.5 mg/kg AD01386

Results are also shown in FIG. 5, showing nearly 2 log knockdown at day8.

Example 11. Reduction in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Viral Protein HBsAgin Chronically HBV Infected Chimpanzee Following Delivery of HBV RNAiTriggers with MLP Delivery Peptide

Chimpanzee: Animal 95A010 is a 19 year old female chimpanzee (date ofbirth Aug. 7, 1995) weighing 66 kg that was exposed to HBV at birth. Atthe start of the study she was HBeAg-negative and anti-HBe positive, andhad a HBV DNA titer of 3.7×10³ copies/mL serum.

Formulation of HBV RNAi trigger delivery composition: MLP deliverypeptide, Vial 1 contained MLP-(CDM-NAG) lyophilized in a sterile 10 mLglass vial at a strength of 125 mg. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient(API), Vial 2, contained an equimolar mixture of AD0009 and AD0010 as aliquid at a strength of 26 mg/mL total RNAi trigger in 5.3 mL phosphatebuffer in a sterile 10 mL glass vial. The 4.8 mL liquid from Vial 2 wasadded to Vial 1 and swirled to dissolve. The resulting solutioncontained 125 mg/vial at a nominal concentration of 25 mg/mL withrespect to the active pharmaceutical ingredient in 5 mL. A sufficientnumber of paired vials were prepared for the indicated dose. To dosewith 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide+1 mg/kg AD01385+1 mg/kg AD01386, a 26mg/mL solution containing an equimolar amount of AD01385 and AD01386 ina phosphate buffer was used to solubilize MLP delivery peptide Vial 1.

RNAi trigger delivery: Chimp 95A010 was infused with 2 mg/kg MLPdelivery peptide (formulated as MLP delivery peptide)+1 mg/kg AD0009+1mg/mL AD0010 at an infusion rate of 10 mg/minute with respect to MLPdelivery peptide. After HBsAg levels had returned to baseline followingARC-520 treatment, the chimp was infused with 2 mg/kg MLP deliverypeptide+1 mg/kg AD01385+1 mg/kg AD01386.

Serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels: Serum was collectedand diluted 10⁴ to 10⁵-fold in PBS containing 5% nonfat dry milk. In allother ways the assay was performed as described above.

Data: At Day 15 HBsAg levels were reduced 50% following injection of 1mg/kg AD0009+AD0010 and 81% following injection of 1 mg/kgAD01385+AD01386, in both cases with 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide (FIG.6).

TABLE 21 Summary of serum HBsAg in chimpanzee 95A010 followingco-administration of 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide, 1 mg/kg AD0009 and 1mg/kg AD0010. % Expression, relative to HBsAg (μg/mL) “Day 1” oftreatment Day of Treatment Mean of replicates: Mean of replicates: 172.47 100.0% 8 23.41 32.3% 15 36.19 49.9% 22 33.41 46.1% 29 30.74 42.4%

TABLE 22 Summary of serum HBsAg in chimpanzee 95A010 followingco-administration of 2 mg/kg MLP delivery peptide, 1 mg/kg AD01386 and 1mg/kg AD01385. % Expression, relative to HBsAg (μg/mL) day of injectionDay of Treatment Mean of replicates: Mean of replicates: 1 47.55 100.00%15 9.04 19.01% 29 10.33 21.73% 43 26.40 55.52% 57 43.20 90.85%

Example 12. Reduction in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) In Vivo

pHBV model mice: At day −35, 6 to 8 week old femaleNOD.CB17-Prkdscid/NcrCrl (NOD-SCID) mice were transiently transfected invivo with MC-HBV1.3 by hydrodynamic tail vein injection (Yang P L et al.“Hydrodynamic injection of viral DNA: a mouse model of acute hepatitis Bvirus infection.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002 Vol. 99: p. 13825-13830).MC-HBV1.3 is a plasmid-derived minicircle that contains the sameterminally redundant human hepatitis B virus sequence HBV1.3 as in theHBV1.3.32 transgenic mice (GenBank accession # V01460) (Guidotti L G etal. “High-level hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. JVirol 1995 Vol. 69, p 6158-6169). 5 μg MC-HBV1.3 in Ringer's Solution ina total volume of 10% of the animal's body weight was injected into micevia tail vein to create pHBV model of chronic HBV infection. Thesolution was injected through a 27-gauge needle in 5-7 seconds aspreviously described (Zhang G et al. “High levels of foreign geneexpression in hepatocytes after tail vein injection of naked plasmidDNA.” Human Gene Therapy 1999 Vol. 10, p 1735-1737). At day −7, fourweeks after transfection, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) HBsAgexpression levels in serum were measured by ELISA and the mice weregrouped according to average HBsAg expression levels.

RNAi trigger delivery: At day 1, each mouse was then given a singlesubcutaneous administration of 200 μl containing HBV RNAi trigger andnormal saline. A typical site for performing injections between the skinand muscle (i.e. subcutaneous injections) was into the loose skin overthe neck and shoulder area, but other sites with loose folds of skin canalso be used.

Analyses: At various times, before and after administration of HBV RNAitriggers or normal saline, serum HBsAg, serum HBV DNA, or liver HBV RNAwere measured. HBV expression levels were normalized to control miceinjected with normal saline.

i) Serum collection: Mice were anesthetized with 2-3% isoflurane andblood samples were collected from the submandibular area into serumseparation tubes (Sarstedt AG & Co., Nümbrecht, Germany). Blood wasallowed to coagulate at ambient temperature for 20 min. The tubes werecentrifuged at 8,000×g for 3 min to separate the serum and stored at 4°C.

ii) Serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels: Serum wascollected and diluted 10 to 2000-fold in PBS containing 5% nonfat drymilk. Secondary HBsAg standards diluted in the nonfat milk solution wereprepared from serum of ICR mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley) that had beentransfected with 10 μg HBsAg-expressing plasmid pRc/CMV-HBs (Aldevron,Fargo, N. Dak.). HBsAg levels were determined with a GS HBsAg EIA 3.0kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Redmond, Wash.) as described by themanufacturer. Recombinant HBsAg protein, ayw subtype, also diluted innonfat milk in PBS, was used as a primary standard (Aldevron).

HBsAg expression for each animal was normalized to the control group ofmice injected with normal saline in order to account for thenon-treatment related decline in expression of MC-HBV1.3. First, theHBsAg level for each animal at a time point was divided by thepre-treatment level of expression in that animal (Day −1) in order todetermine the ratio of expression “normalized to pre-treatment”.Expression at a specific time point was then normalized to the controlgroup by dividing the “normalized to pre-treatment” ratio for anindividual animal by the average “normalized to pre-treatment” ratio ofall mice in the normal saline control group.

TABLE 23 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) knockdown in vivo as determined byHBsAg in serum. HBsAg in serum RNAi at nadir Day of trigger (norm.fraction) % KD at nadir nadir AD03364 0.37 62.9% 8 AD03365 0.58 42.2% 8AD03366 0.64 93.5% 8 AD03367 0.027 97.3% 8 AD03368 0.35 65.4% 15 AD033690.55 45.0% 15 AD03370 0.70 29.6% 8 AD03373 0.083 91.7% 8 AD03374 0.07292.8% 8 AD03375 0.37 63.0% 8 AD03376 0.32 68.3% 8 AD03377 0.23 76.6% 8AD03378 0.17 82.9% 8 AD03381 0.54 46.3% 8 AD03382 0.63 37.0% 8 AD033830.80 20.2% 8 AD03384 0.64 35.5% 15 AD03385 0.46 53.9% 15 AD03386 0.6732.8% 8 AD03387 0.50 50.4% 8 AD03388 0.47 53.1% 15 AD03389 0.44 55.8% 8AD03390 0.45 55.0% 8 AD03396 0.46 54.4% 8 AD03397 0.50 50.3% 8 AD033980.46 54.0% 8 AD03399 0.22 77.9% 8 AD03401 0.39 61.2% 8 AD03402 0.4060.2% 8 AD03403 0.11 88.5% 8 AD03404 0.37 62.5% 8 AD03405 0.13 87.3% 8AD03406 0.088 91.2% 8 AD03408 0.016 98.4% 22 AD03409 0.008 99.2% 15AD03410 0.057 94.3% 15 AD03411 0.28 72.4% 8 AD03412 0.75 24.6% 15AD03413 0.51 49.0% 8 AD03414 0.40 60.0% 8 AD03217 0.065 92.9% 15 AD030550.11 89.1% 8 AD03218 0.047 95.0% 15 AD02729 0.095 90.5% 8 AD03498 0.08791.3% 8 AD03499 0.069 93.1% 15 AD03500 0.095 90.5% 8 AD03501 0.046 95.4%15 AD03502 0.17 83.0% 8 AD03503 0.20 79.8% 8 AD03504 0.19 81.1% 8AD03509 0.14 86.5% 15 AD03510 0.32 68.2% 15 AD03511 0.11 88.9% 15

Example 13. Chromatography Analysis of HBV RNAi Triggers

Clinical development requires that the active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) be quantified in a drug product. When the drug product is amixture of two APIs, such as with the combination of AD01385 andAD01386, quantitation requires clean analytical separation. Foroligonucleotides APIs, clean analytical separation is difficult due tocompositional similarities of oligonucleotides of the same length. Tofacilitate the chromatographic separation of the sense strands ofAD01385 and AD01386 mixture, a linker containing six carbons (C6)between cholesterol and the oligonucleotide was incorporated in onestrand and a triethylene oxide (TEG) linker was used in the otherstrand. These linkers have different hydrophobicities which allow forchromatographic resolution. The RNAi trigger sense strands are separatedby anion exchange chromatography using a Thermo Scientific DNAPac PA-200column using a gradient from 70:30 mixture of (10 mM NaHCO3 (pH 11.3)/50mM NaBr/45% ACN):(10 mM NaHCO3 (pH 11.3)/650 mM NaBr/45% ACN) to 100% ofthe 650 mM NaBr solution (See FIGS. 24-28). The peaks for the sensestrands were analyzed for the resolution (R_(s)), which is calculatedas:R _(s)=(t _(R2) −t _(R1))/((0.5*(w ₁ +w ₂))  (1)

where t_(R1) and t_(R2) are the retention times for the two strands, andw₁ and w₂ are the peak widths at the baseline. If R_(s)>2, the peaks areconsidered resolved. We calculate that the mixtures of sense strandswith different permutations of C6 and TEG linkers have the followingresolutions:

TEG:TEG resolution R_(s)=0.44 (Not resolved)

C6:C6 resolution R_(s)=0.15 (Not resolved)

C6:TEG resolution R_(s)=2.7 (Resolved)

The RNAi trigger sense strands with the same Cholesterol targeting grouplinkage (both C6 or both TEG) were not resolved. In contrast, we wereable to determine the concentrations of sense strands with TEG and C6linkers from mixtures of the two due to their well-resolvedchromatographic separations. The results, shown in Table 23 and in FIGS.7-11 show that two HBV RNAi triggers are better resolved when linked bytwo different linkers.

In some embodiments, HBV RNAi triggers AD1385 and AD1386 are combined toform a therapeutic RNAi treatment for HBV infection.

TABLE 24 Chromatographic analyses of HBV RNAi trigger strands. HPLCRetention Time (minutes) AM02312- AM02315- Sample Mixture Linker(s) ASAS AM02316-SS AM02319-SS AM02320-SS AM02323-SS resolved Antisensestrands Separate runs 15.2 15.6 Antisense strand combinationAM02312-AS + AM02315-AS 15.3 15.6 partial Sense Strands Separate runsTEG 16.2 16.3 Separate runs C6 16.9 17.1 Sense strand combinationsAM02320-SS + AM02323-SS C6/C6 17.0 17.0 no AM02319-SS + AM02316-SSTEG/TEG 16.3 16.3 no AM02320-SS + AM02319-SS C6/TEG 16.4 17.0 YESAM02323-SS + AM02316-SS C6/TEG 16.3 17.1 YES DuplexesAM02320-SS/AM02312-AS C6 15.3 17.0 YES AM02319-SS/AM02315-AS TEG 15.616.4 YES AM02316-SS/AM02312-AS TEG 15.3 16.3 YES RNAi triggercombinations AM02320-SS/AM02312-AS + C6 15.3 15.7 17.0 17.0 noAM02323-SS/AM02315-AS C6 AM02316-SS/AM02312-AS + TEG 15.3 15.7 16.3 16.3no AM02319-SS/AM02315-SS TEG AM02320-SS/AM02312-AS + C6 15.3 15.7 16.417.0 YES AM02319-SS/AM02315-AS TEG AM02316-SS/AM02312-AS + TEG 15.3 15.716.3 17.1 YES AM02323-SS/AM02315-AS C6

The invention claimed is:
 1. A composition comprising: an HBV RNAitrigger comprising an antisense strand and a sense strand wherein theantisense strand comprises nucleotides 2-18 of a modified antisensesequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 210, 211,214, 215, 218, 220, 221, 230-237, 242-244, 247, 260, 261, 264, 265 and319 and wherein the sense strand comprises a modified sequence selectedfrom the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 415, 416, 420, 425, 427, 446,470, 473, 474, 477, 492, 556 and
 557. 2. The composition of claim 1wherein the sense strand is conjugated to a galactose trimer.
 3. Thecomposition of claim 2, wherein the galactose trimer comprises anN-acetylgalactosamine.
 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the HBVRNAi trigger comprises a duplex selected from the group consisting ofAD00003 (SEQ ID NOS: 210 and 415), AD00009 (SEQ ID NOS: 210 and 420),AD00078 (SEQ ID NOS: 210 and 427), AD00079 (SEQ ID NOS: 210 and 425),AD01129 (SEQ ID NOS: 210 and 446), AD00004 (SEQ ID NOS: 211 and 416),AD01497 (SEQ ID NOS: 211 and 492), AD01382 (SEQ ID NOS: 244 and 470),AD01386 (SEQ ID NOS: 244 and 474), AD03154 (SEQ ID NOS: 244 and 557),AD01385 (SEQ ID NOS: 247 and 473), AD01389 (SEQ ID NOS: 247 and 477),AD03153 (SEQ ID NOS: 247 and 556), AD01438 (SEQ ID NOS: 260 and 474),AD01461 (SEQ ID NOS: 261 and 473).
 5. The composition of claim 4,wherein the HBV RNAi trigger comprises the duplex AD01385 (SEQ ID NOS:247 and 473) or AD01386 (SEQ ID NOS: 244 and 474).
 6. The composition ofclaim 1, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 7.The composition of claim 6, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient comprises dextran.
 8. The composition of claim 1, furthercomprising one or more additional therapeutics.
 9. The composition ofclaim 1, wherein the composition further comprises:MLP-(L-T)_(x), wherein: MLP is a melittin-like peptide, -L-T has thestructure represented by —CO—C(CH₃)═C(T)-COOH or —CO—C(T)=C(CH₃)—COOH,wherein T comprises a targeting ligand having affinity for the anasialoglycoprotein receptor, and x is greater than 80% of the number ofprimary amines of a population of MLPs.